5,208 articles
Critical regionalism
Critical regionalism is an architectural theory coined in 1981 by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre in "The Grid and the Pathway", gaining recognition through Kenneth Frampton's 1983 essay.
Critical state soil mechanics
Critical state soil mechanics, developed by Roscoe, Schofield, and Wroth at Cambridge in 1958, describes soil strength and deformation through stress state and void ratio.
Crofton Pumping Station
Crofton Pumping Station, also known as Crofton Beam Engines, is a canal pumping station in Wiltshire, England, built in 1809 for the Kennet and Avon Canal.
Cross City Tunnel
The Cross City Tunnel, also known as the Sydney Cross City Tunnel, is a pair of toll road tunnels under the Sydney central business district, opened in 2005.
Cross passage
A cross passage is a short tunnel connecting two parallel tunnel tubes so people can escape from a tube affected by fire into the adjacent one.
Cross-Harbour Tunnel
The Cross-Harbour Tunnel is a 1.9 km road tunnel under Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong, linking Hung Hom and Causeway Bay; opened in 1972 as the harbor's first road crossing.
Cross-laminated timber
Cross-laminated timber, or CLT, is an engineered wood product of lumber layers bonded at 90 degrees, developed in Austria in the 1990s to build multi-storey timber buildings.
Crossrail
Crossrail is a railway program in London that built a new east–west line from Reading and Heathrow to Shenfield and Abbey Wood, opened in 2022 as the Elizabeth line.
Croton Aqueduct
The Croton Aqueduct was New York City's first major water-supply works, a 41-mile gravity-fed masonry conduit carrying water from the Croton River in Westchester to Manhattan reservoirs from 1842.
Crotto
A crotto is a natural cellar among landslide boulders in Valchiavenna, Lombardy, where a cold airflow keeps a near-constant temperature for aging wine and curing meats.
Crown Building (Manhattan)
The Crown Building, also known as the Heckscher Building, is a 25-story skyscraper at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, built 1920–22 by Warren & Wetmore.
Crypt
A crypt is a stone chamber, or group of chambers, beneath the floor of a church, typically under the chancel, used to house tombs, relics, or a chapel.
Crystal City Underground
The Crystal City Underground is a subterranean shopping mall in Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia, opened in 1976; its remaining shops closed in 2024, though the tunnels stay open.
CSA A23.3
CSA A23.3, titled Design of Concrete Structures, is the Canadian national standard for the structural design of reinforced and prestressed concrete buildings, referenced by the National Building Code of Canada.
CSA S16
CSA S16 is the Canadian national standard for designing, fabricating, and erecting steel structures, published by CSA Group; its current edition, S16:24, dates from 2024.
Culebra Cut
Culebra Cut is the artificial valley carrying the Panama Canal 8.75 miles through the Continental Divide, from Gamboa to Pedro Miguel, and the canal's narrowest, hardest-won section.
Culvert
A culvert is a pipe or enclosed conduit that carries a stream under a road, railway, or embankment; US practice treats spans of 20 feet or less as culverts.
Culzean Castle
Culzean Castle is a castellated country house on a clifftop in South Ayrshire, Scotland, rebuilt by Robert Adam between 1777 and 1792 for the Kennedys, Earls of Cassillis.
Curia Julia
The Curia Julia (Curia Iulia) is the senate house of ancient Rome in the Roman Forum, begun by Caesar and dedicated by Augustus in 29 BCE.
Curtain wall (architecture)
A curtain wall is a non-load-bearing outer building envelope, usually of glass and metal, that hangs from the main structure and transfers wind loads to it.
Curved roof
A curved roof is a roof whose surface bends instead of lying flat, allowing lighter construction and large column-free spaces, in forms such as barrel vaults and domes.
Custom House
Custom House, London: Grade I listed neoclassical customs headquarters on Lower Thames Street, built 1813–17 by David Laing, river front rebuilt by Robert Smirke in 1825, with a John Rennie quay wall; approved in 2025 for conversion to a 179-room hotel.
Cut and cover
Cut and cover is a tunnel construction method in which a trench is excavated from the surface, the tunnel is built inside it, and the trench is backfilled.
Cut-and-cover tunneling
Cut-and-cover tunneling is a construction method that builds a tunnel in a trench excavated from the surface, then backfills it, economical at shallow depths of about 10 to 12 meters.
Cutter suction dredger
A cutter suction dredger (CSD) is a stationary dredging vessel that loosens the seabed with a rotating cutter head, pumping the material through a pipeline for reclamation, ports, and waterways.
Cutterhead (tunnel boring machine)
A cutterhead is the rotating front part of a tunnel boring machine that carries cutting tools against the tunnel face to break rock and soil.
Cyberport
Cyberport is a government-owned digital technology business campus and start-up incubator at Telegraph Bay, Pok Fu Lam, on Hong Kong Island, housing over 2,000 technology companies.
Cycle tunnel
A cycle tunnel is a tunnel designed primarily for bicycle traffic, ranging from Rotterdam's Maastunnel of 1937–1942 to new Dutch openings in 2025 and 2026.
Da Vinci's self supporting bridge
Da Vinci's self supporting bridge is a nail-free wooden bridge design sketched by Leonardo da Vinci in the Codex Atlanticus, held together by gravity and friction alone.
Daecheong Dam
Daecheong Dam (대청댐) is a multipurpose dam on the Geum River in South Korea, built between 1975 and 1980 and operated by the Korea Water Resources Corporation.