3,135 articles
Viewshed analysis
Viewshed analysis is a GIS method that computes the area visible from observation points across a terrain by testing line of sight to every cell of a digital elevation model.
Viola–Jones algorithm
The Viola–Jones algorithm is a machine learning object detection framework that finds faces in images in real time, introduced by Paul Viola and Michael Jones in 2001.
Virtual assistant
A virtual assistant is interactive software that communicates with users through text or voice and helps with daily tasks; Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant are leading examples.
Virtual International Authority File
The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an OCLC service that links library authority records so all names for the same person or organization appear together.
Virtual visual servoing
Virtual visual servoing is a computer vision method that estimates a camera's pose relative to a known object by moving a virtual camera until projected features match the real image.
Visa policy of Malaysia
Visa policy of Malaysia: Immigration Department rules on visa-free entry, eVISA, and Visa With Reference. Key facts: ASEAN 30-day waiver, India/China visa-free to 31 Dec 2026, MDAC arrival card since 2024.
Vision transformer
The vision transformer (ViT) is a neural network architecture that applies Transformer attention to sequences of image patches, first showing Transformers can replace convolutions for image recognition.
Visual attention model
A visual attention model is a computational system mimicking human selective attention, producing a saliency map from which a winner-take-all network extracts a scanpath of attended locations.
Visual Genome
Visual Genome is a large-scale computer vision dataset of 108,077 images densely annotated with objects, attributes, relationships, and question answers, introduced by Fei-Fei Li and colleagues in 2016.
Visual object tracking
Visual object tracking is the computer vision task of continuously locating a target object across video frames, spanning single-object and multi-object tracking with methods like Kalman filters and Siamese networks.
Visual odometry
Visual odometry is a computer vision method that estimates camera or robot motion by tracking visual features across sequential images, coined in 2004 and used on Mars rovers.
Visual SLAM
Visual SLAM is a family of real-time algorithms that estimate a camera's trajectory and build a map of its surroundings, correcting drift when the camera revisits a place.
Viterbi algorithm
The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm that finds the most likely sequence of hidden states in a hidden Markov model, published by Andrew Viterbi in 1967.
Vocaloid
Vocaloid (ボーカロイド, Bōkaroido) is singing voice synthesis software developed by Yamaha, announced in 2003 and first sold in 2004, which became the basis of a music culture after the 2007 release of Hatsune Miku.
Voice activity detection
Voice activity detection (VAD) is a signal processing method that decides frame by frame whether an audio stream contains speech or only silence and noise.
Voice cloning
Voice cloning is a speech-synthesis technique that generates speech imitating a specific person's voice, usually from a short recording; zero-shot systems need as little as 3 seconds of audio.
Volume of fluid method
The volume of fluid (VOF) method is a numerical technique in computational fluid dynamics that tracks fluid interfaces on a fixed grid by advecting volume fractions.
Volume rendering
Volume rendering, also known as volumetric rendering, is a set of techniques for displaying 3D data sets like CT scans without first fitting a geometric surface.
Voronoi diagram
A Voronoi diagram, also called the Dirichlet tessellation or Thiessen polygons, partitions a plane into regions of points closest to each site, named for Georgy Voronoy's 1908 paper.
Voter ID (India)
The Indian voter ID, formally the Elector's Photo Identity Card (EPIC), is a photo identity document issued by the Election Commission of India since 1993 to prevent impersonation at polls.
W[1]
W[1] is a complexity class in parameterized complexity theory, the first level of presumed parameterized intractability above FPT, introduced by Rod Downey and Michael Fellows, with k-Clique complete for it.
W[2]
W[2] is a complexity class in parameterized complexity theory, the second level of the W-hierarchy above W[1], defined by weighted CNF-satisfiability; its complete problems include Dominating Set and Set Cover.
W3C PROV
W3C PROV is a 2013 family of W3C Recommendations for exchanging provenance information, built on PROV-DM's Entity/Activity/Agent model with serializations PROV-O (OWL2 ontology), PROV-N, and PROV-XML.
Walrus optimization algorithm
The Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA) is a population-based metaheuristic for continuous optimization, introduced by Pavel Trojovský and Mohammad Dehghani in Scientific Reports in 2023, mimicking walrus feeding, migration, and predator-escape behaviors.
Ward's method
Ward's method is a hierarchical clustering algorithm that merges the two clusters whose union adds the least to within-cluster variance, described by Joe H. Ward Jr. in 1963.
Wasserstein GAN
The Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) is a generative adversarial network trained to approximate the Wasserstein-1 distance, addressing vanishing gradients and mode collapse in standard GAN training.
Wasserstein generative adversarial network
A Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) is a type of GAN, introduced by Martin Arjovsky and colleagues in 2017, that trains its generator against a critic using the Wasserstein-1 distance.
Watershed algorithm
The watershed algorithm is an image-segmentation method from mathematical morphology that treats pixel intensities as terrain elevation, flooding catchment basins from seed points to separate touching objects.
Watershed segmentation
Watershed segmentation is an image segmentation method from mathematical morphology that treats pixel intensities as landscape elevation, flooding from minima or markers to separate regions and touching objects.
Wavelet
A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation localized in both time and frequency, generated from a single mother function; wavelet transforms analyze signals with resolution matched to scale.