3,135 articles
CRSP (database)
CRSP is a research database of U.S. stock prices, returns, and corporate actions maintained since 1960 by the Center for Research in Security Prices at the University of Chicago.
Cryptographic hash function
A cryptographic hash function, also called a one-way hash function, maps data of any size to a fixed-length output, designed so that reversing it or finding collisions is infeasible.
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
A cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) is a generator whose output stays unpredictable to an adversary even if the algorithm and part of the output are known.
Crystal Diffusion Variational Autoencoder (CDVAE)
CDVAE (Crystal Diffusion Variational Autoencoder) is a generative machine learning model proposed at MIT in 2021 that creates new periodic crystal structures using a variational autoencoder with a diffusion-style denoising decoder.
Crystal graph convolutional neural network
Developed by Tian Xie and Jeffrey C. Grossman at MIT in 2018, CGCNN is a graph neural network framework that predicts material properties from crystal structures.
Cubature Kalman filter
The cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is a derivative-free nonlinear state-estimation algorithm introduced by Arasaratnam and Haykin in 2009, which propagates 2n equal-weight cubature points and needs no parameter tuning.
Cuckoo filter
A cuckoo filter is a probabilistic data structure for approximate set membership testing, introduced in 2013 as a Bloom filter replacement that supports deletion and uses less space below a 3% false positive rate.
Cuckoo search
Cuckoo search, also known as the cuckoo search algorithm, is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009, inspired by cuckoo brood parasitism.
Curriculum learning
Curriculum learning is a machine learning training strategy that orders training examples from easy to difficult, formalized by Bengio and colleagues in 2009; gains are contested.
CutMix
CutMix is a data augmentation method for image classification that pastes a rectangular patch from one training image onto another and mixes the two labels in proportion to the pasted area.
CVAT
CVAT (Computer Vision Annotation Tool) is an open-source web annotation platform for image, video, audio, and 3D data, started at Intel in 2017 on VATIC, released on GitHub June 2018, now run by CVAT.ai with Community, Online, and Enterprise editions.
Cyc
Cyc is an artificial intelligence project founded by Douglas Lenat in 1984 in Austin, Texas, aiming for human-like common-sense reasoning via a huge formal knowledge base of world knowledge.
Cycle detection
Cycle detection, also known as cycle finding, is the algorithmic problem of determining whether a graph contains a cycle and returning it, solved in linear time with depth-first search.
Cycle-consistent generative adversarial network
A cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) is a method for unpaired image-to-image translation, such as turning photos into paintings or horses into zebras, using a cycle-consistency loss.
CycleGAN
CycleGAN is a generative adversarial network framework for unpaired image-to-image translation, introduced by Jun-Yan Zhu and colleagues at ICCV 2017, using a cycle-consistency loss instead of paired training data.
Cyclic code
A cyclic code is an error-correcting code in which every cyclic shift of a codeword is also a codeword, a property that makes encoding and decoding efficient.
D-MPNN
D-MPNN, or directed message passing neural network, is a graph neural network architecture for molecular property prediction that passes messages between directed bonds rather than atoms, introduced at MIT in 2019.
Daft (software)
Daft (Eventual, 2022) is an open-source Rust data engine for AI and multimodal workloads, with a lazy Python DataFrame and SQL API. It runs single-machine via the Swordfish streaming engine or distributed on Ray via Flotilla.
Dagster
Dagster is an open-source Python data orchestration platform founded in 2018 by Nick Schrock, organized around software-defined assets rather than tasks, with Dagster+ as its commercial service; it was acquired by Prefect in July 2026.
DAMA International
DAMA International, originally the Data Administration Management Association, is a not-for-profit, vendor-independent data management association founded in Los Angeles in 1980, publisher of the DAMA-DMBOK guide and sponsor of the CDMP certification.
DAMA-DMBOK
DAMA-DMBOK (Data Management Body of Knowledge) is DAMA International's reference framework for data management: first edition 2009 with 10 knowledge areas, DMBOK2 in 2017 with 11 and the DAMA Wheel, 2024 Revised Edition, DMBOK 3.0 targeted 2027.
Dana Angluin
Dana Angluin (Dana Charmian Angluin) is an American computer scientist, Professor Emeritus at Yale, known for the L algorithm for learning regular languages and for population protocols.
Dartmouth workshop
The Dartmouth workshop, formally the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, was a 1956 summer gathering at Dartmouth College regarded as the founding event of AI.
Dask
Dask is an open-source Python library for parallel and distributed computing built on task graphs. It scales pandas, NumPy, and list-like workflows through Dask DataFrame, Array, and Bag collections, with single-machine and distributed schedulers; BSD-3 licensed, NumFOCUS-sponsored, latest release 2026.8.0.
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025
The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 is a United Kingdom act reforming data protection law and regulating digital verification, Smart Data schemes, and automated decisions.
Data analyst
Data analyst: professional who collects, cleans, models and communicates data to support decisions; also called junior or departmental analyst. UK Level 4 standard, four government role levels, £28,000 to £65,000 pay, SQL and visualisation core skills.
Data and Reality
Data and Reality (1978) by William Kent, subtitled Basic Assumptions in Data Processing Reconsidered, is a classic data modeling book arguing data structures are imperfect maps of reality; reissued in 2012 with Steve Hoberman.
Data annotation
Data annotation is the process of attaching human labels to images, text, audio, or video so machine learning models can be trained and tested against it.
Data anonymization
Data anonymization is the processing of personal data so individuals can no longer be identified, even with other reasonably available information; it is the strictest form of de-identification.
Data architect
Data architect: senior IT role defining an organization's data policies, models, and technologies; distinct from data engineer; spans EDW, data lake, and cloud/AI architectures; US average pay about $135,377 (2024).