Artificial intelligence and data

AI functions in SQL

AI functions in SQL (Snowflake Cortex, BigQuery, Databricks, Fabric, Apache Doris AI) call LLMs from SQL to classify, extract, summarize, and translate text per row, with token-based costs and query-engine optimizations.

AI Incident Database

The AI Incident Database is an open, crowd-sourced catalog of real-world AI harms and near harms, launched in November 2020 by the Partnership on AI.

AI literacy

AI literacy, or artificial intelligence literacy, is the set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that lets people understand how AI systems work, evaluate their outputs, and use them ethically.

AI safety institutes

AI safety institutes are government bodies that technically evaluate frontier AI models before and after release, beginning with the UK institute launched in November 2023.

AI takeover

An AI takeover, also called machine rule, is a hypothetical scenario in which AI systems escape human control, potentially causing human extinction or permanent disempowerment.

AI winter

An AI winter, or artificial intelligence winter, is a period of sharply reduced funding and public interest in AI research following hype, occurring around 1974–1980 and 1987–1993.

AI-ready data

AI-ready data: prepared, governed, structured data for AI training and agentic systems; also called AI data readiness. Key facts: 29% of leaders say data meets gen AI standards; Gartner predicts 60% of AI projects abandoned without it; ODI framework with four pillars.

AIOps

AIOps, short for artificial intelligence for IT operations, applies big data analytics and machine learning to automate IT operations tasks such as event correlation and anomaly detection.

Airbyte

Airbyte is an open-source data integration platform founded by Michel Tricot and John Lafleur in 2020 (San Francisco; $181M raised, $1.5B valuation), with 700+ connectors, Airbyte Cloud, ELv2-licensed connectors, MIT Airbyte Protocol, and 1.0 released September 24, 2024.

Akashteer

Akashteer is an automated air defense control and reporting system built by Bharat Electronics Limited for the Indian Army, first used in combat in May 2025.

Alan Turing Institute

The Alan Turing Institute is the United Kingdom's national institute for data science and artificial intelligence, headquartered at the British Library in London and founded in 2015.

Alation

Alation (Alation Inc., Redwood City, founded 2012) is a data catalog and data intelligence company; its AIOS platform, 120+ connectors, Allie AI, and Agent Studio serve 500+ enterprises including Nasdaq, Hertz, and Samsung.

Albumentations

Albumentations is an open-source Python library for image augmentation, introduced in 2018, which applies fast, label-preserving transformations such as flips, rotations, and brightness changes to enlarge and diversify training datasets for computer vision.

AlexNet

AlexNet is a deep convolutional neural network designed in 2012 at the University of Toronto, whose victory in the ImageNet 2012 competition launched modern deep learning.

Algebraic multigrid

Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is a multilevel iterative method for solving large sparse linear systems, building its coarse levels from matrix entries alone, first published in 1982.

GeneralSep 29, 2026

Algebraic reconstruction technique

The algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is an iterative algorithm that reconstructs CT images from projection data by solving linear equations one ray at a time, reported in 1970 and useful for limited-angle, sparse, or noisy data.

Algorithm

An algorithm is a finite, clearly specified set of rules or steps for carrying out a computation that produces a prescribed result for any input in a class of inputs.

Algorithmic Accountability Act

The Algorithmic Accountability Act is a recurring US congressional bill, first introduced by Senator Ron Wyden in 2019, that would direct the FTC to require impact assessments of automated decision systems.

Algorithmic bias

Algorithmic bias, also called machine learning bias, is a systematic error in a computational decision system that disadvantages unprivileged groups, often without discriminatory intent, as in the 2016 COMPAS case.

Algorithmic stability

Algorithmic stability is a machine learning property where a learning algorithm's output and loss change little when one training example is changed, providing generalization bounds independent of hypothesis space complexity.

Algorithms on special graph classes

Algorithms on special graph classes solve hard graph problems efficiently by exploiting structural restrictions such as chordal, perfect, or bounded-treewidth graphs, turning NP-complete tasks into linear-time ones.

Aliasing

Aliasing is the distortion that occurs when a signal is sampled at too low a rate, so high frequencies appear as spurious lower frequencies in the reconstruction.

GeneralOct 22, 2026

ALIGNN

ALIGNN is a graph neural network introduced in 2021 that predicts properties of molecules and crystals by explicitly encoding bond angles, as part of NIST's JARVIS project.

All-points bulletin

An all-points bulletin, also known as a BOLO or all ports warning, is an internal police broadcast asking all nearby units to help locate a suspect, vehicle, or missing person.

AllMovie

AllMovie, also known as AllMovieGuide, is an online film database and review website covering movies, actors, and filmmakers, operated by All Media Network under the AllMediaNetwork brand.

Alluxio

Alluxio, formerly Tachyon, is an open source (Apache 2.0, Java) data orchestration layer from UC Berkeley AMPLab that caches hot data between compute frameworks like Spark, Presto, and TensorFlow and storage like S3, HDFS, and GCS using memory-first tiered caching.