3,135 articles
Gaze estimation
Gaze estimation is the computer vision task of determining where a person is looking, as a 3D direction or a point on a screen, from images of the face and eyes.
Gazelle optimization algorithm
The gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) is a swarm-based metaheuristic, introduced by Agushaka, Ezugwu, and Abualigah in 2022, that mimics gazelles' predator-escape strategies to solve numerical and engineering optimization problems.
GELU
GELU, or Gaussian Error Linear Unit, is a smooth neural network activation function proposed by Dan Hendrycks and Kevin Gimpel in 2016 that weights inputs by their value.
Gemini in BigQuery and Looker
Gemini in BigQuery and Looker are Google Cloud's AI-assistance layers for its data warehouse and BI platform, providing SQL/Python generation, data insights, conversational analytics, and data agents grounded in the Looker semantic layer, introduced from 2024 onward.
GemNet
GemNet is a graph neural network for predicting energies and forces of molecular systems, introduced in 2021 by Johannes Gasteiger and Stephan Günnemann at the Technical University of Munich.
GenBank
GenBank, also known as NCBI GenBank, is the NIH genetic sequence database, an annotated public archive of nucleotide sequences created in 1982 that exchanges data daily with ENA and DDBJ.
Gene expression programming
Gene expression programming (GEP) is an evolutionary algorithm, invented by Cândida Ferreira in 1999, that evolves computer programs by translating linear chromosomes into expression trees.
Gene Ontology
The Gene Ontology is a standardized vocabulary for describing gene functions across all species, founded in 1998 and organized into molecular function, biological process, and cellular component.
General Data Protection Regulation
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), formally Regulation (EU) 2016/679, is a European Union law on the protection of personal data, applicable since 25 May 2018.
General regression neural network
A general regression neural network (GRNN) is a memory-based neural network for regression, introduced by Donald F. Specht in 1991 as a neural-network form of kernel regression.
Generalization bound
A generalization bound is a high-probability upper limit on the gap between a learning algorithm's training error and its expected error on new data, typically empirical error plus a complexity term.
Generalization error
Generalization error is the difference between a model's population risk and its empirical risk on its training data, measuring how performance on unseen data departs from measured training performance, with bounds central to statistical learning theory.
Generalized intersection over union
Generalized intersection over union (GIoU) is a similarity measure and regression loss for shapes, extending IoU so it gives a usable gradient for non-overlapping boxes.
Generalized iterative closest point
Generalized iterative closest point (Generalized-ICP, GICP) is a probabilistic variant of the ICP algorithm for aligning two point clouds, published at Robotics: Science and Systems in 2009.
Generalized regression neural network
A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is a radial-basis neural network for regression and function approximation, introduced by D.F. Specht in 1991, with one-pass training and only a bandwidth to tune.
Generative adversarial imitation learning
Generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) is a machine learning method that trains agents to imitate expert behavior, introduced by Jonathan Ho and Stefano Ermon in 2016.
Generative adversarial network
A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a machine learning framework in which a generator producing synthetic samples and a discriminator judging real versus generated train in a minimax game.
Generative model
A generative model, or generative statistical model, is a statistical model that learns the probability distribution of data, letting it generate new samples, score examples, and classify via Bayes' rule.
Generative Replay
Generative replay, introduced as Deep Generative Replay at NIPS in 2017, is a continual learning technique where a generative model synthesizes pseudo-samples of past tasks to prevent catastrophic forgetting.
Genetic algorithm
A genetic algorithm is a population-based search and optimization method that improves candidate solutions through selection, crossover, and mutation, first formulated by John Holland in 1975.
Genetic fuzzy systems
A genetic fuzzy system is a fuzzy rule-based system tuned or learned by a genetic algorithm, a 1990s hybrid giving fuzzy models learning capabilities of their own.
Genetic operator
A genetic operator is a procedure a genetic algorithm applies to a population of candidate solutions to produce the next generation, chiefly selection, crossover, and mutation.
Genetic programming
Genetic programming (GP) is an evolutionary computation technique that evolves populations of computer programs by selection, crossover, and mutation; it was popularized by John Koza in 1992.
Gensim
Gensim ("Generate Similar") is a free, open-source Python library for unsupervised topic modeling and document embeddings, started in 2008 and designed to stream corpora larger than RAM.
Geocoding
Geocoding is a geographic information science method that converts human-readable location descriptions, such as postal addresses, into machine-readable geographic coordinates, typically a latitude–longitude pair with a confidence score.
Geometric programming
Geometric programming is an optimization method with posynomial objectives and constraints that becomes convex after a logarithmic change of variables, so interior-point algorithms find the global optimum efficiently.
GeoNames
GeoNames is a free geographical database, or gazetteer, with over 32 million placenames worldwide, REST web services, and wiki-style community editing under a Creative Commons license.
GeoParquet
GeoParquet is an OGC-backed specification for storing geospatial vector data (points, lines, polygons) in Apache Parquet. Version 2.0.0 uses native Parquet GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY types, WKB encoding, and a JSON geo metadata key with PROJJSON CRS.
German identity card
The German identity card (Personalausweis) is the official national identity document issued to German citizens, in credit-card format since 2010 with a contactless chip enabling online identification.
German passport
The German passport (deutscher Reisepass) is the travel document issued to German citizens, a biometric electronic passport produced by the Bundesdruckerei in Berlin since 2005.