164 articles
Solar (model family)
Solar is a family of large language models developed by the South Korean AI company Upstage, beginning in 2023 and known for the depth up-scaling technique.
Spark (iFlytek model family)
Spark, also known as Spark Desk, is a family of large language models developed by the Chinese AI company iFlytek, first released in May 2023.
StableLM (model family)
StableLM is a family of open-weight large language models released by Stability AI beginning in April 2023, progressing from 3B and 7B Alpha models to the Stable LM 2 series in 2024 before going dormant.
Step (model family)
Step is a family of large language and multimodal models from the Chinese AI startup StepFun, whose flagship open model Step3 was released under Apache 2.0 in 2025.
Swallow (AI model)
Swallow is a family of open-weight large language models adapted for Japanese, built by Institute of Science Tokyo with AIST through continual pre-training of Llama and Gemma base models.
T5 (language model)
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is Google's open-source encoder-decoder language model family (60M–11B parameters) that casts every NLP task as text in, text out, trained on the 750 GB C4 corpus; variants include mT5, ByT5, and FLAN-T5.
TinyLlama
TinyLlama is an open-weight small language model of 1.1 billion parameters, trained on 3 trillion tokens in 2023 by a four-person team at the Singapore University of Technology and Design.
Tongyi DeepResearch
Tongyi DeepResearch is an open-source agentic large language model from Alibaba's Tongyi Lab, released in September 2025 with 30.5 billion parameters and built for autonomous, long-horizon web research tasks.
Tsuzumi (model family)
Tsuzumi is a family of large language models for Japanese and English developed by NTT, announced in 2023 with lightweight versions that run on a CPU or a single GPU.
Tulu (AI model family)
Tulu (Tülu) is a family of open instruction-following language models from the Allen Institute for AI, first released in 2023 with full training data and code.
WizardLM
WizardLM is a family of open-weight, instruction-tuned large language models from Microsoft Research, released in 2023 and trained on synthetic Evol-Instruct data, with spin-offs WizardCoder and WizardMath.
Xiaomi MiMo
Xiaomi MiMo is a family of large language models from Chinese electronics maker Xiaomi, beginning in April 2025 with the open-sourced 7-billion-parameter reasoning model MiMo-7B.
YandexGPT
YandexGPT is a family of large language models developed by Yandex, first launched in May 2023 to power the Alice virtual assistant, Yandex Search, and other products.
Yi (model family)
Yi is a family of bilingual Chinese-English large language models released by 01.AI, starting with open-weight 6B and 34B base models in November 2023 and later adding closed API flagships like Yi-Large and Yi-Lightning.