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Model families and named models

525 articles

General

GPT-4

GPT-4 is a large multimodal language model released by OpenAI in March 2023, scoring 86.4% on MMLU and passing a simulated bar exam in the top 10%.

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GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1 is a family of three OpenAI large language models launched in the API on April 14, 2025, focused on coding, instruction following, and long-context comprehension.

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GPT-4.5

GPT-4.5 was a large language model released by OpenAI as a research preview in February 2025, its last non-reasoning chat model, retired from the API in July 2025.

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GPT-4Chan

GPT-4chan, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4Chan, was an open-weight language model created by Yannic Kilcher in 2022, fine-tuned on years of 4chan /pol/ posts and blocked by Hugging Face after its bots wrote over 30,000 posts.

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GPT-4o

GPT-4o is OpenAI's flagship multimodal large language model, announced May 13, 2024, handling text, audio, image, and video in one neural network and powering ChatGPT's native voice mode.

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GPT-4V(ision)

GPT-4V(ision) is the vision-enabled version of OpenAI's GPT-4, allowing the model to accept images alongside text; it reached ChatGPT users in September 2023 and the API that November.

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GPT-5

GPT-5 is a large language model system OpenAI released on August 7, 2025, unifying a fast model, a deeper reasoning model, and a router that picks between them.

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GPT-5.1

GPT-5.1 is a family of OpenAI large language models released via ChatGPT and the API on November 13, 2025, shipping Instant and Thinking variants built around adaptive reasoning.

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GPT-5.2

GPT-5.2 is a family of proprietary large language models released by OpenAI on December 11, 2025, the fourth release in the GPT-5 family, serving Instant, Thinking, Pro, and Codex variants.

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GPT-5.3-Codex

GPT-5.3-Codex is an agentic coding model released by OpenAI on February 5, 2026, combining the coding performance of GPT-5.2-Codex with the reasoning of GPT-5.2, and rated High capability for cybersecurity tasks.

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GPT-5.4

GPT-5.4 is a large language model released by OpenAI on March 5, 2026, in standard, Thinking, and Pro versions, positioned as the company's flagship for complex professional work.

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GPT-5.5

GPT-5.5, also known as OpenAI GPT-5.5, is a large language model released by OpenAI on April 23, 2026, positioned for agentic coding, tool use, and multi-step reasoning work.

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GPT-5.6

GPT-5.6, also known as OpenAI GPT-5.6, is a family of large language models released by OpenAI in July 2026, offered in three tiers named Sol, Terra, and Luna.

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GPT-J and GPT-NeoX

GPT-J and GPT-NeoX are open-weight language models released by the volunteer collective EleutherAI as community replications of GPT-3, with GPT-NeoX-20B's weights downloadable in February 2022.

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gpt-oss

gpt-oss is a pair of open-weight reasoning language models, gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, released by OpenAI on August 5, 2025 under Apache 2.0, its first open weights since GPT-2 in 2019.

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GPT-SoVITS

GPT-SoVITS is an open-source voice-cloning and text-to-speech toolkit released on GitHub in 2024 under the MIT license, cloning a voice from 5 seconds of audio.

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GPT4All

GPT4All is a free, open-source desktop application built by Nomic AI that runs quantized open-weight language models locally on Windows, macOS, and Linux without an internet connection.

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GR (ByteDance robotics VLA family)

GR is a family of vision-language-action models for robot manipulation developed by ByteDance Seed, built on internet video pretraining and released as GR-1, GR-2, and GR-3 between 2023 and July 2025.

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GraphCast

GraphCast is a machine-learning weather forecasting system developed by Google DeepMind, announced in Science in 2023, that predicts global weather up to 10 days ahead more accurately than the leading physics-based model.

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Grok (chatbot)

Grok, also known as TruthGPT, is an AI chatbot and large language model family developed by xAI, Elon Musk's startup, launched in November 2023 and distributed through X.

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Grok (model family)

Grok is a family of large language models developed by xAI, first released in November 2023, known for native access to live X posts after xAI acquired X in 2025.

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Grok 3

Grok 3 is a family of large language models from xAI, Elon Musk's AI company, released in beta in 2025 with DeepSearch and reasoning modes, and retired from the API in 2026.

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Grok 4

Grok 4 is a frontier reasoning model released by xAI on July 9, 2025, trained on the Colossus supercomputer and offered in a standard and Heavy variant.

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Grounded Language-Image Pre-training (GLIP)

Grounded Language-Image Pre-training (GLIP) is a vision-language model from Microsoft Research, introduced in December 2021, that unifies object detection and phrase grounding in one task.

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GWM-1

GWM-1 is a family of generative world models announced by Runway on December 11, 2025, generating video frame by frame in real time with interactive control.

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Hailuo (海螺)

Hailuo (海螺) is a family of video generation models by Shanghai AI company MiniMax, first released in September 2024 and known for physics realism and low pricing.

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HappyHorse-1.0

HappyHorse-1.0 is a text-to-video and image-to-video AI model that took #1 on the Artificial Analysis Video Arena in April 2026 before being attributed to Alibaba's Future Life Lab.

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Hardware-vendor open model strategy

Hardware-vendor open model strategy is the practice, prominent by 2026, of chipmakers such as AMD and NVIDIA publishing open-weight AI models to sell hardware rather than monetize the models.

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Helix (AI model)

Helix is a vision-language-action model developed by Figure AI and announced in February 2025 to control its humanoid robots end-to-end from camera pixels and natural-language commands.

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HiDream

HiDream is a family of open-weight image generation and editing models from Beijing-based HiDream.ai, starting with the 17-billion-parameter text-to-image model HiDream-I1 in April 2025 and continuing with the unified 8-billion-parameter HiDream-O1-Image line in 2026.