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Computing and digital systems

13,604 articles

General

AssemblyScript

AssemblyScript is a TypeScript-like programming language that compiles statically, ahead of time, to WebAssembly using the Binaryen compiler toolkit, suited to computation-heavy code such as image manipulation and emulators.

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Assertion (software development)

An assertion in software development is a Boolean expression in source code stating a condition that must be true; if false at runtime, the program reports an assertion failure.

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Assignment problem

The assignment problem, also called the linear assignment problem, is a combinatorial optimization problem: assign n workers to n jobs one-to-one at least total cost.

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ASSISTments

ASSISTments is a free, web-based math tutoring platform created in 2003 at Worcester Polytechnic Institute by Neil and Cristina Heffernan, with randomized-trial evidence of improving achievement.

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Association for Computing Machinery

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM, Inc.) is the world's largest educational and scientific computing society. Founded in 1947, it had more than 100,000 members by 2014.

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Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), founded in 1979, is a nonprofit scientific society that runs the annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

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Association rule learning

Association rule learning, also called association rule mining, is a data mining method that finds if-then relationships between items in large transaction databases, used in market basket analysis.

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Associative array

An associative array is an abstract data type storing key–value pairs, also called a map, dictionary, or hash, where each key maps to at most one value.

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Astera Labs

Astera Labs is an American fabless semiconductor company founded in 2017 and headquartered in Santa Clara, California, that designs connectivity chips, modules, and fabric switches for cloud and AI data centers.

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Astro (web framework)

Astro is an open-source, content-focused web framework created by Fred Schott and Nate Moore in 2021, rendering static HTML with interactive islands and support for React, Vue, and Svelte.

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AstroNet

AstroNet is a deep convolutional neural network by Christopher Shallue and Andrew Vanderburg that classifies Kepler light-curve signals as planets or false positives, discovering Kepler-90i and Kepler-80g.

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Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network

The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) is a Penn State-based program linking high-energy observatories worldwide to detect cosmic transients through photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gravitational waves.

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Asure Software Inc

Asure Software Inc is an American provider of cloud-based human capital management software for small and mid-sized businesses, headquartered in Austin, Texas and founded in 1985.

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Asus (华硕电脑股份有限公司)

Asus, also known as ASUSTeK Computer Inc., is a Taiwan-based hardware and consumer electronics company founded in 1989 by four former Acer engineers, known for motherboards and laptops.

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Asus Eee PC

The Asus Eee PC is a line of small, low-cost laptops launched by Taiwan's ASUS in late 2007, whose first model created the netbook category.

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AsyncAPI

AsyncAPI is an open-source, protocol-agnostic specification under the Linux Foundation for describing event-driven and message-driven APIs; created in 2016 by Fran Méndez, sister to OpenAPI, latest version 3.1.0.

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Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent, or Async SGD, is a distributed training scheme where workers update a shared model without waiting for each other, trading synchronization for stale gradients.

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AT (form factor)

The AT form factor, introduced by IBM with the PC AT in August 1984, was the first motherboard standard for PC-compatible computers; its Baby AT variant dominated until Intel's ATX arrived in 1995.

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AT Protocol

The AT Protocol, also known as atproto, is an open, decentralized protocol for social media applications developed by Bluesky Social PBC and best known for powering the Bluesky social network.

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At-least-once delivery

At-least-once delivery: a messaging guarantee that every message is delivered one or more times, never lost but possibly duplicated; implemented via acks and retries, with duplicates handled by idempotent consumers, as in Kafka and EventMesh.

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ATA Password / HDD password security

ATA password security is a password-based access-control mechanism, defined in the ATA standard since 1997, that locks hard disk and solid state drives until the correct password is entered at boot.

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Ataccama

Ataccama (Ataccama ONE) is a data management software company founded in 2007 as an Adastra spin-off, headquartered in Boston and Toronto, known for its unified data quality, governance, and agentic AI platform.

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Atari ST

The Atari ST is a 16-bit home and small-business computer line built on the Motorola 68000, introduced by Atari in 1985, known for its low price and built-in MIDI ports favored by musicians.

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Athlon

Athlon, code-named AMD K7, is AMD's seventh-generation x86 processor launched in 1999, whose 1 GHz version was the first PC processor to reach that speed.

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Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 is a family of 64-bit x86 processors that AMD launched for desktop and notebook computers on September 23, 2003, the first 64-bit desktop processor for Windows PCs.

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Athlon 64 X2

The Athlon 64 X2, also known as AMD Athlon 64 X2, is a family of dual-core x86 desktop processors that AMD launched in May 2005.

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ATI Radeon 9700

The ATI Radeon 9700 is a graphics card released by ATI Technologies in August 2002, marketed as the first DirectX 9 compliant AGP graphics card, priced at $399.

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ATI Technologies

ATI Technologies Inc., originally Array Technology, was a Canadian company in Markham, Ontario that made graphics processors, including the Radeon brand, and was acquired by AMD in 2006.

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Atlan

Atlan (Atlan Pte. Ltd., founded 2019, San Francisco) is an enterprise data catalog and metadata platform marketed as the context layer for AI, with 80+ connectors, lineage, governance, an MCP server, a $750M valuation, and $105M Series C funding led by GIC.

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Atlas (World Labs world model)

Atlas is an omni world model released on September 1, 2026 by World Labs, the startup cofounded by Fei-Fei Li, natively operating on text, images, video, and 3D.