13,604 articles
Bandwidth (computing)
Bandwidth, also called Internet or digital bandwidth, is the capacity of a communications link in bits per second, and the point where a connection is constrained is called the bottleneck.
Bandwidth throttling
Bandwidth throttling, also known as ISP throttling, is the intentional limitation of data transmission rates on a network, used for congestion control, tiered plans, or favoring some applications.
Bangladeshi passport (বাংলাদেশি পাসপোর্ট)
The Bangladeshi passport (বাংলাদেশি পাসপোর্ট) is the travel document issued to citizens of Bangladesh, which became the first biometric e-passport in South Asia when launched in January 2020.
Bank group (memory)
A bank group is a cluster of banks in a DDR4 SDRAM chip that can operate independently, allowing the memory controller to overlap column commands across groups.
Barcelona Supercomputing Center
The Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS) is a Spanish public research consortium founded in 2005 in Barcelona, known for the MareNostrum supercomputers and directed by Mateo Valero.
Barco (manufacturer)
Barco NV is a Belgian technology company headquartered in Kortrijk, founded in 1934, that makes cinema laser projectors, video walls, control room systems, and medical diagnostic displays.
Barcode
A barcode, also called bar coding, is a machine-readable symbol encoding product data that scanners capture electronically, central to supply chains since the first retail scan in 1974.
Barcode reader
A barcode reader, or barcode scanner, is an input device that shines light on a barcode, decodes the reflected signal, and transmits the data to a host computer.
Bard (chatbot)
Bard was a conversational AI chatbot developed by Google as an experimental service powered by LaMDA, announced in 2023 and renamed Gemini on February 8, 2024.
Bark
Bark is an open-source generative text-to-audio model released by the AI company Suno in April 2023, built from three transformer models that generate multilingual speech, music, and sound effects.
Barker code
A Barker code is a sequence of ±1 values whose autocorrelation sidelobes never exceed 1 in magnitude, proposed by R.H. Barker in 1953 and used in radar and Wi-Fi.
Barrel shifter
A barrel shifter is a combinational digital circuit that shifts or rotates a data word by a variable number of bits in a single clock cycle.
Barrier synchronization
Barrier synchronization is a parallel-programming construct in which threads wait at a designated point until all members of the group have arrived, appearing in OpenMP, MPI, and hardware.
Bartz v. Anthropic
Bartz v. Anthropic is a copyright class action in which authors including Andrea Bartz accused Anthropic of training Claude on millions of pirated books, settled for $1.5 billion.
Base-plus-offset addressing
Base-plus-offset addressing is a processor addressing mode that computes an operand's effective address by adding an instruction's constant offset to a base register, letting compilers access structure fields, stack variables, and array elements.
Base32
Base32 is a binary-to-text encoding that represents arbitrary binary data with 32 printable symbols, each carrying 5 bits; RFC 4648's alphabet uses A–Z and 2–7 with equals-sign padding.
Base64
Base64 is a group of binary-to-text encoding schemes that represent binary data as ASCII text; each character carries 6 bits, and the encoding is defined by RFC 4648.
Basecamp
Basecamp is a web-based project management and team communication application developed by 37signals, launched in February 2004 as a deliberately simple alternative to feature-heavy suites.
Baseten
Baseten, also known as Baseten Labs, is a San Francisco AI inference company founded in 2019 that helps companies deploy and serve AI models in production.
Bash (Unix shell)
Bash, also called the Bourne-Again shell or GNU Bash, is the shell of the GNU operating system, written by Brian Fox in 1988 and standard on GNU/Linux.
BASIC
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of programming languages designed at Dartmouth College in 1963–64 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz to let non-specialists program computers.
Basic access authentication
Basic access authentication, or Basic auth, is an HTTP authentication scheme, defined by RFC 7617, that sends a Base64-encoded user-id and password in the Authorization header.
Basic Encoding Rules
The Basic Encoding Rules (BER), defined in ITU-T Recommendation X.690, are the original ASN.1 rules for encoding data for transmission, used by LDAP, SNMP, and X.509 certificates.
Basis pursuit
Basis pursuit is an optimization principle for sparse signal recovery, selecting the smallest ℓ1-norm solution to Ax = b, solvable as a linear program; Chen, Donoho, and Saunders introduced it in 1998.
Bastion host
A bastion host, also called a jump box, is a hardened computer that serves as the sole access point between an external network and a protected internal network.
Bat algorithm
The bat algorithm is a population-based metaheuristic introduced by Xin-She Yang in 2010 that mimics the frequency tuning, loudness, and pulse rate of bats' echolocation to find global optima of continuous functions, especially in engineering design.
Batch Bayesian optimization
Batch Bayesian optimization is a machine learning method that evaluates a batch of candidate points in parallel to optimize expensive black-box functions like hyperparameter tuning.
Batch file
A batch file is a text file of commands that the Windows command interpreter, cmd.exe, executes one at a time, typically with the .bat or .cmd extension.
Batch normalization
Batch normalization, or batch norm, is a technique for training deep neural networks, introduced at Google in 2015, that normalizes layer activations using mini-batch statistics.
Batch processing
Batch processing, also called batch mode, is a way of running computer work in which jobs are collected and executed without user interaction, often on large volumes of data.