Computing and digital systems

Clubhouse (app)

Clubhouse is an audio-only social media app where users join live voice conversations in rooms as speakers or listeners. It was created by Paul Davison and Rohan Seth in 2020 and reached a $4 billion valuation.

Cluely

Cluely is an American AI startup founded in 2025 by Roy Lee and Neel Shanmugam, offering an on-screen assistant that listens to meetings and takes notes.

Cluster analysis

Cluster analysis, also known as data clustering, is an unsupervised data mining task that groups unlabeled observations so similar ones share a cluster, using methods such as k-means and DBSCAN.

Clustered federated learning

Clustered federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach that groups clients with similar data distributions into clusters and trains a separate model for each cluster instead of one global model.

GeneralOct 21, 2026

Clustering Algorithms

Clustering algorithms are computational techniques that group unlabeled data so items in the same cluster are more alike each other than items elsewhere, the main tool of unsupervised learning.

Clustering coefficient

The clustering coefficient is a network science measure of how densely a node's neighbors are connected to each other, computed as the fraction of triangles that exist.

CMake

CMake is an open-source build-system generator created at Kitware in 2000; projects describe their build in CMakeLists.txt files, and CMake generates Makefiles, Ninja files, or IDE projects.

Cmd.exe

Cmd.exe, also known as Command Prompt, is the default command-line interpreter of the Windows NT family, first shipped with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993; it executes commands and batch files and remains supported for backward compatibility.

CMMLU

CMMLU, or Chinese Massive Multitask Language Understanding, is a Chinese-language knowledge benchmark for large language models with 11,528 multiple-choice questions across 67 subjects, released in June 2023.

CMOS

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) is a semiconductor technology designed for low power. Invented in 1963 by Fairchild researchers, it is the leading process for microprocessors and memory.

CMSIS-RTOS

CMSIS-RTOS is a standardized real-time operating system API published by Arm for Cortex-M microcontrollers; it is a layer over an existing RTOS kernel, not a kernel itself.

CNAME record

A CNAME record is a DNS record that maps an alias domain name to its canonical name, where the real records live. It was defined in RFC 1034 in 1987.

CNN-BiLSTM model

A CNN-BiLSTM model is a hybrid deep learning architecture in which convolutional layers extract local features and a bidirectional LSTM encodes temporal context, applied to forecasting, text classification, and anomaly detection.

CNN-LSTM

A CNN-LSTM is a hybrid deep learning architecture where convolutional layers extract spatial features from each step of a sequence and LSTM layers model how those features evolve over time.

CNNIC

The China Internet Network Information Center (中国互联网络信息中心, CNNIC) is the Chinese state agency, founded in 1997, that runs the .CN registry, allocates IP addresses, and publishes statistical reports.

Co-clustering

Co-clustering, also known as biclustering, is a data-mining technique that clusters the rows and columns of a matrix simultaneously, used in text mining and gene-expression analysis.

Co-evolutionary coupling analysis

Co-evolutionary coupling analysis is a family of computational methods that infers physical contacts between amino acids by detecting correlated substitutions across the sequences of a homologous protein family.

Co-simulation

Co-simulation is a simulation technique in which several specialized simulators, each modeling part of a coupled multi-domain system, run together and exchange data at synchronized points in time.

Co-training

Co-training is a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, proposed by Avrim Blum and Tom Mitchell in 1998, in which two classifiers on different feature views teach each other with pseudo-labels.

GeneralOct 26, 2026

Coalesce (company)

Coalesce (Coalesce.io) is a San Francisco data transformation, cataloging, and quality company founded in 2020 by Armon Petrossian and Satish Jayanthi; it raised $81M total and acquired CastorDoc and SYNQ.

Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture

A coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) is a hardware platform of processing elements reconfigurable at run time, balancing the efficiency of dedicated chips with software flexibility.

COBIT

COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework created by ISACA for the governance and management of enterprise information and technology, first published in 1996.

COBOL

COBOL, or Common Business Oriented Language, is a programming language created in 1959 by CODASYL for business data processing, still widely used in banking, government, and enterprise systems.

CockroachDB

CockroachDB is a distributed SQL database developed by Cockroach Labs since 2015, replicating data across clusters so it tolerates machine and datacenter failures, with a PostgreSQL-compatible SQL interface.

Coco (website)

Coco, also known as Coco Chat or Cocoland, was a French-language chat website created by Isaac Steidl in 2003 and closed by French authorities in June 2024.

COCO Captions

COCO Captions is a large-scale dataset of over 1.5 million human-written captions describing over 330,000 images, published in 2015 as the captioning extension of Microsoft COCO.

Cocoa (API)

Cocoa, also known as Yellow Box and OS X Cocoa, is Apple's object-oriented application framework for macOS, built on the Foundation and AppKit frameworks; its iOS counterpart is Cocoa Touch.

CocoaPods

CocoaPods is an open-source dependency manager for Swift and Objective-C projects on Apple platforms, created by Eloy Durán and first released in 2011. It downloads libraries declared in a Podfile and integrates them into Xcode projects.

COCOMO

COCOMO (Constructive cost model) is a parametric model for estimating software development effort, schedule, and cost, published by Barry Boehm in 1981 and revised as COCOMO II in 2000.