176 articles
Tar
Tar is a dark, viscous liquid or semisolid made by heating wood, resin, or coal with little or no oxygen, including pine tar and coal tar.
Thermal depolymerization
Thermal depolymerization is a thermochemical process that uses heat, often with pressurized water or catalysts, to convert biomass, plastics, and organic waste into hydrocarbon oils.
Thermoelectric generator
A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a thermo-generator, is a solid-state device converting heat directly into electricity via the Seebeck effect, with no moving parts, used in spacecraft RTGs and waste-heat recovery.
Thermoelectric textile
A thermoelectric textile is a fabric with thermoelectric materials that converts body heat into electricity via the Seebeck effect, or in reverse provides heating and cooling.
Thermopower waves
Thermopower waves are a direct energy conversion method in which a self-propagating reaction wave along a carbon nanotube turns exothermic fuel into electricity, first demonstrated at MIT in 2010.
Tin selenide thermoelectrics
Tin selenide thermoelectrics are devices and materials based on tin selenide (SnSe), whose ultralow lattice thermal conductivity yields record figures of merit; stability over repeated cycles remains unsolved.
Tin sulfide thermoelectrics
Tin sulfide thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials based on tin(II) sulfide (SnS), a lead-free, layered semiconductor pursued as a cheap, abundant alternative to tin selenide for heat-to-electricity conversion.
Toyota GD engine
The Toyota GD engine family is a pair of turbocharged diesel four-cylinders, the 2.8-liter 1GD-FTV and 2.4-liter 2GD-FTV, introduced in 2015 to replace Toyota's KD diesels in the Hilux.
Toyota KD engine
The Toyota KD engine is a family of 2.5- and 3.0-liter inline-four common-rail turbocharged diesel engines, the 2KD-FTV and 1KD-FTV, introduced by Toyota in 2000 and used in the Hilux, Land Cruiser Prado, Hiace, and Fortuner.
Toyota NR engine
The Toyota NR engine is a series of inline-four gasoline engines produced by Toyota since 2008, covering 1.2 to 1.5 liters in naturally aspirated, Atkinson-cycle, and turbocharged versions.
Trigeneration
Trigeneration, also known as combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), is the simultaneous production of electricity, useful heat, and cooling from one fuel input, typically using an absorption chiller.
Turbine
A turbine is a machine in which a moving fluid, such as water, steam, or gas, impinges on blades on a rotor and spins it to produce mechanical work.
Twistron
A twistron is a mechanical energy harvester made from twisted and coiled carbon nanotube yarn that converts stretching into electricity, first reported in 2017 by Seon Jeong Kim and Ray Baughman.
Two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is a compression-ignition engine that completes its cycle in two piston strokes, one crankshaft revolution; large low-speed versions propel most commercial ships.
UCOME
UCOME (used cooking oil methyl ester) is a waste-based biodiesel grade in Europe, made by reacting used cooking oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst.
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with sulfur limited to 15 ppm, required for US highway diesel since 2006's phase-in and for all highway use after 2010.
Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil
Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) is a marine fuel with sulfur content at or below 0.50%, produced for ships complying with the IMO's 2020 sulfur cap.
Water gas
Water gas, also called blue gas, is a manufactured fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen made by passing steam over incandescent carbon, first industrialized in 1873.
Water turbine
A water turbine, also known as a hydraulic turbine, converts the energy of flowing or falling water into mechanical power, usually to drive an electrical generator in a hydroelectric plant. Types include Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton.
Water-tube boiler
A water-tube boiler is a steam boiler in which water flows inside tubes surrounded by hot gases, generating steam at far higher pressures than fire-tube boilers.
Well-to-wheel analysis
Well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis is a life-cycle assessment method that quantifies greenhouse gas emissions and energy use of transportation fuels from primary energy production through final use, excluding vehicle manufacturing.
Whale oil
Whale oil, historically called train oil, is oil rendered from whale blubber, long used for lamps, candles, and lubricants until commercial whaling was curtailed in the 1980s.
Wood fuel
Wood fuel is wood or a wood-derived material used as an energy source, most often burned for cooking, heating, or electricity, and supplying about 7% of the world's energy.
Yara Brunsbüttel
Yara Brunsbüttel is a German ammonia and urea production plant at Büttel on the Elbe, operated by a subsidiary of Norway's Yara International and started in 1978.
Yara Clean Ammonia
Yara Clean Ammonia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Norway's Yara International established in 2021, trades and ships ammonia worldwide and develops low-emission blue and green ammonia production.
Yara Porsgrunn
Yara Porsgrunn is Yara International's fertilizer and ammonia complex at Herøya in Porsgrunn, Norway, founded by Norsk Hydro in 1928 and producing about 2 million tonnes of NPK fertilizer yearly.