162 articles
Adiabatic Toroidal Compressor
The Adiabatic Toroidal Compressor (ATC) was a 1972 tokamak at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory that demonstrated adiabatic compressional heating and hosted the first neutral-beam heating experiments in a tokamak.
ADITYA (tokamak)
ADITYA (आदित्य, Sanskrit for "the Sun") was India's first indigenously designed and built tokamak, operated at the Institute for Plasma Research in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, from 1989 to 2015.
Advanced Radiographic Capability
The Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) is a petawatt-class short-pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility in California, commissioned in 2015 to x-ray imploding fusion targets.
Advanced Toroidal Facility
The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) was an experimental stellarator, a torsatron, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the world's largest stellarator when it began operating in 1988.
Alcator C
Alcator C was a compact high-field tokamak at MIT that began operating in 1978 and first produced the plasma density and confinement needed for useful fusion.
Alcator C-Mod
Alcator C-Mod was a compact, high-magnetic-field tokamak operated at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center from 1993 to 2016, setting a world plasma pressure record of 2.05 atmospheres on its final day.
Alfvén eigenmode control
Alfvén eigenmode control is the set of techniques used to reduce Alfvén eigenmodes, plasma waves in magnetic-confinement fusion devices that degrade fast-ion confinement and fusion gain.
ARC and SPARC
ARC and SPARC are related compact, high-field tokamak fusion devices designed by MIT and Commonwealth Fusion Systems: SPARC a net-energy demonstration, ARC a 400 MW power plant.
ARC reactor
The ARC reactor is an MIT tokamak fusion power plant concept using high-temperature superconducting magnets, carried forward since 2018 by Commonwealth Fusion Systems as the plant to follow SPARC.
ASDEX
ASDEX, short for Axially Symmetric Divertor EXperiment, was a tokamak at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Garching, Germany, operating from 1980 to 1990.
ASDEX Upgrade
ASDEX Upgrade is a divertor tokamak at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Garching, Germany, operating since 1991 as a testbed for the ITER fusion reactor.
Astron (fusion experiment)
Astron was a magnetic-confinement fusion experiment proposed by Nicholas Christofilos and built at Lawrence Livermore's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory; completed in 1964, its relativistic-electron E-layer concept led to the field-reversed configuration.
Avalanche Energy
Avalanche Energy is a Seattle fusion startup founded in 2018 by former Blue Origin engineers Robin Langtry and Brian Riordan, developing compact Orbitron fusion machines.
BEST (tokamak)
BEST, or Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak, is a compact superconducting tokamak under construction in Hefei, China, targeting scientific breakeven in deuterium-tritium plasmas by 2030.
Breeding blanket
A breeding blanket, also called a breeder blanket, is the layer lining a fusion reactor wall that breeds tritium from lithium, extracts heat, and shields components.
Broader Approach
The Broader Approach is a 2007 fusion energy research agreement between Euratom and Japan, funding three joint projects in Japan that support ITER and a future DEMO power plant.
Cable-in-conduit conductor
The cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) is an internally cooled superconducting cable, with strands inside a steel jacket cooled by forced helium flow, chosen for ITER in 1993.
CASTOR (tokamak)
CASTOR (Czech Academy of Sciences TORus) was a small tokamak with a circular plasma cross-section operated in Prague from 1977 to 2006, formerly TM-1-MH and later renamed GOLEM.
CFQS
CFQS, the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator, is a fusion device built jointly by Japan's NIFS and Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, which generated first plasma in August 2024.
China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (中国聚变工程试验堆, CFETR) is a proposed superconducting tokamak, designed from 2011 to bridge ITER and a future Chinese demonstration fusion power plant.
Commonwealth Fusion Systems
Commonwealth Fusion Systems is an American private fusion company spun out of MIT in 2018 that is building SPARC, a compact net-energy tokamak, in Devens, Massachusetts.
Compact toroid
A compact toroid (CT), also called a compact torus, is a magnetically confined plasma torus with no center column, covering two configurations, the field-reversed configuration and the spheromak.
COMPASS-U
COMPASS-U (COMPASS Upgrade) is a medium-size, high-magnetic-field tokamak under construction at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Prague, replacing COMPASS in 2021 to support ITER and address DEMO design challenges.
Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology
The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is a Chinese national facility in Hefei testing superconducting magnets, divertor components, and other fusion reactor technologies.
Cusp confinement
Cusp confinement is a magnetic fusion confinement scheme where field lines intersect the walls, so particles escape through cusps; plasmas are nonetheless MHD-stable, even at high beta.
Dense plasma focus
A dense plasma focus (DPF) is a pulsed plasma device whose coaxial accelerator compresses plasma into an extremely dense pinch, producing intense pulses of neutrons and x rays.
DIII-D
DIII-D is a tokamak fusion research facility in San Diego, California, operated by General Atomics and the largest magnetic fusion experiment in the United States.
Direct energy conversion of field-reversed configuration exhaust
Direct energy conversion of field-reversed configuration exhaust turns the energy of an expanding FRC fusion plasma directly into electricity by electromagnetic induction, without a steam cycle.
Divertor Tokamak Test
The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) is an experimental fusion facility under construction at the ENEA Frascati Research Centre near Rome, Italy, testing power-exhaust solutions for the ITER and DEMO reactors.
Dongsheng Fusion
Dongsheng Fusion (东升聚变), also known as SunUp Fusion, is a Shanghai nuclear fusion startup founded in 2025 by Fudan University's team under Xu Min, developing a deuterium-helium-3 tokamak.