54 articles
Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane
A perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is a fully fluorinated proton-conducting polymer, best known as Nafion, developed by DuPont in the 1960s and standard in PEM fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Perovskite oxygen evolution catalysts
Perovskite oxygen evolution catalysts are tunable ABO₃ oxide compounds that accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction, the efficiency bottleneck of water electrolysis, offering low-cost alternatives to iridium catalysts.
Perovskite photoelectrodes
Perovskite photoelectrodes are semiconductor electrodes, based on ABX3 perovskite materials, that absorb sunlight to drive reactions such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, and nitrogen fixation.
Photobiological hydrogen production
Photobiological hydrogen production is the generation of hydrogen gas by photosynthetic microorganisms, chiefly green algae and cyanobacteria, using sunlight to split water, an early-stage technology limited by oxygen sensitivity.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is the production of hydrogen from water using light-activated semiconductor particles or electrodes, a field begun with Fujishima and Honda's 1972 TiO₂ work.
Photocatalytic overall water splitting by Al-doped SrTiO3
Al-doped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:Al, also written Al:STO) is a benchmark photocatalyst powder that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen under ultraviolet light without any applied bias.
Photocatalytic water oxidation
Photocatalytic water oxidation is the light-driven conversion of water to oxygen by a photocatalyst, the oxidative half-reaction of artificial photosynthesis and the rate-determining step of overall water splitting.
Photoelectrochemical water splitting
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a method of producing hydrogen from water using sunlight and semiconductor photoelectrodes in a single device, first demonstrated in 1972 and still uncommercialized.
Photoreforming
Photoreforming is a solar-driven photocatalytic process that couples oxidation of organic substrates such as biomass, plastic waste, or wastewater with water reduction, producing hydrogen gas and value-added carbon products instead of oxygen.
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEM electrolysis) is an electrochemical method of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen with a solid polymer membrane as the electrolyte, operating at about 70–90 °C.
Proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells
Proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (PCECs), also called protonic ceramic electrolysis cells or P-SOECs, are electrochemical devices that split steam into pure hydrogen at intermediate temperatures of roughly 400–700 °C.
Reversible solid oxide cell
A reversible solid oxide cell is a high-temperature electrochemical device whose one cell stack alternates between producing electricity from hydrogen or other fuels and splitting steam into hydrogen.
Ru-based acidic oxygen-evolution catalysts
Ru-based acidic oxygen-evolution catalysts are ruthenium or ruthenium oxide electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction, cheaper and more active than iridium but far less stable.
Seawater electrolysis
Seawater electrolysis is the electrochemical splitting of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen, directly or after desalination, as a route to green hydrogen. Its main obstacles are corrosion, chlorine side reactions, and limited catalyst lifetime.
Silicon photoanodes
Silicon photoanodes are n-type silicon photoelectrodes that use sunlight to oxidize water in photoelectrochemical water splitting. Bare silicon corrodes rapidly, so practical devices rely on protective layers such as TiO2.
Single-atom Ru catalysts on nitrogen-doped carbon for acidic oxygen evolution
Single-atom Ru catalysts on nitrogen-doped carbon anchor isolated ruthenium atoms in four nitrogen sites on carbon, driving acidic oxygen evolution for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers.
Solar thermochemical hydrogen production
Solar thermochemical hydrogen production (STCH, also called solar thermal water splitting) makes hydrogen with heat from concentrated sunlight, cycling metal oxides between reduction and steam re-oxidation to split water.
Solid oxide electrolysis cell
A solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an electrochemical device that splits steam, and optionally carbon dioxide, into hydrogen at high temperature, reaching efficiencies up to 84%.
Solid-state Z-scheme
The solid-state Z-scheme is a photocatalysis design joining two semiconductors through a solid electron mediator, first reported in 2006 for water splitting and CO2 conversion.
Sulfur–iodine cycle
The sulfur–iodine cycle, also known as the iodine–sulfur or IS process, is a three-step thermochemical method of producing hydrogen from water and high-temperature heat, developed by General Atomics in the 1970s.
Urea electrolysis
Urea electrolysis is an electrochemical process in which urea is oxidized at the anode rather than water, lowering the voltage needed for hydrogen production from the 1.23 V of water electrolysis to 0.37 V.
Z-scheme particulate overall water splitting
Z-scheme particulate overall water splitting is a photocatalytic scheme in which two semiconductor particles, a hydrogen and an oxygen evolution catalyst, split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting with Rh-doped SrTiO3
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting with Rh-doped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:Rh) is a two-step scheme where rhodium-doped strontium titanate evolves hydrogen while BiVO4 evolves oxygen, first reported in 2004.
Zirfon Perl
Zirfon Perl is a family of porous separator membranes made by Agfa-Gevaert for alkaline water electrolysis, separating the hydrogen and oxygen electrodes of an electrolyzer.