7 articles
Artificial aging
Artificial aging, also called precipitation heat treatment, is a heat treatment holding an alloy, usually aluminum, at 100 to 260 °C to raise strength above natural aging levels.
Electroslag remelting
Electroslag remelting (ESR), also called electro-flux remelting, is a secondary refining process that melts a consumable electrode through molten slag into a water-cooled mold, producing cleaner ingots.
Laser hardening
Laser hardening, also called laser transformation hardening or laser quenching, is a surface heat treatment that hardens steel and cast iron with a scanning laser beam, commercialized in the 1970s.
Nitriding
Nitriding is a thermochemical heat treatment that diffuses nitrogen into the surface of steel to form hard nitrides, developed in the early 20th century by Machlet and Fry.
Solution heat treatment
Solution heat treatment is a heat treatment that heats an alloy to dissolve phases into solid solution, then rapidly cools it to leave a supersaturated structure.
Vacuum arc remelting
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary metallurgical process that melts a consumable electrode under high vacuum in a water-cooled copper crucible, removing dissolved gases and inclusions.
Vacuum degassing
Vacuum degassing is a secondary steelmaking process in which molten steel is held under reduced pressure so dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen, and sometimes carbon, are removed.