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Apollo Guidance Computer
The Apollo Guidance Computer was NASA's digital computer providing guidance, navigation, and control for Apollo spacecraft, flying on every crewed mission from Apollo 8 through Apollo 17.
Autonomous collision avoidance
Autonomous collision avoidance lets a spacecraft detect a predicted close approach in orbit, assess the collision risk, and execute an avoidance maneuver without human approval of each action.
Autonomous orbit control
Autonomous orbit control is the onboard regulation of a spacecraft's orbit, with the spacecraft determining its position and firing thrusters without ground operators in the loop.
Autonomous rendezvous and docking
Autonomous rendezvous and docking (RVD) is the spacecraft operation in which a chaser vehicle navigates to and mechanically joins a target with little human intervention.
Hemispherical resonator gyro
A hemispherical resonator gyro is a gyroscope that senses rotation with a vibrating fused silica shell and no rotating parts, used in spacecraft like Cassini and Webb.
Relative navigation
Relative navigation is the determination of a spacecraft's position, velocity, and attitude relative to another vehicle rather than a ground reference, enabling autonomous rendezvous, docking, on-orbit servicing, and planetary landing.
Terrain-relative navigation
Terrain-relative navigation (TRN) is a navigation technique in which a vehicle matches sensor views of the terrain below it against a preloaded map to determine its position.