1,868 articles
Iridium satellite constellation
The Iridium satellite constellation is a network of 66 cross-linked communications satellites in low Earth orbit, providing global voice, data, and IoT coverage including the poles since 1998.
ispace
ispace is a Tokyo-based lunar exploration company that builds landers and rovers and sells transportation services to the Moon; its two HAKUTO-R landing attempts, in 2023 and 2025, both crashed.
ISRO
ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organisation, is India's space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru and founded in 1969. It is known for the low-cost Mars Orbiter Mission.
ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment
The ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE) is the testing complex of the U R Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru, India, where ISRO communication and navigation satellites are integrated and environmentally tested before launch.
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network
The ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network, known as ISTRAC, is ISRO's Bengaluru-based ground segment, established in 1976, providing tracking and mission operations for satellites.
ISS ECLSS
The ISS Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) supplies the International Space Station's air, oxygen, and water, recycling 98% of water and serving as a testbed for deep-space missions.
ISS year-long mission
The ISS year-long mission was a joint NASA and Roscosmos expedition that kept Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko aboard the space station for 340 days, from 2015 to 2016.
Italian Space Agency
The Italian Space Agency, also known as Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, is Italy's national space agency. Founded in 1988, it coordinates and funds national space initiatives from Rome.
J-2 (rocket engine)
The J-2 was a large liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne, powering the upper stages of NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V from 1968 to 1973.
J2 perturbation
The J2 perturbation is the largest non-spherical gravitational effect on a satellite orbit, caused by Earth's equatorial bulge, which steadily regresses the node and rotates perigee.
Jack Parsons
Jack Parsons, born Marvel Whiteside Parsons (1914–1952), was an American rocket propulsion engineer who co-founded Aerojet and JPL and invented the first castable composite solid rocket propellant.
Jack Swigert
Jack Swigert, born John Leonard Swigert Jr., was an American astronaut, test pilot, and politician who flew Apollo 13 in 1970 and was elected to Congress from Colorado in 1982.
Jacklyn (landing platform ship)
Jacklyn, legally Landing Platform Vessel #1, is a Blue Origin landing platform ship that recovers New Glenn first stages at sea from its homeport of Port Canaveral, Florida.
Jacqueline G. Gish
Jacqueline G. Gish is an American laser engineer who spent 33 years at TRW and Northrop Grumman developing high-power lasers, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2011.
James G. Maser
James G. Maser is an American aerospace executive and engineer who led launch vehicle programs at Boeing, Sea Launch, SpaceX, and Aerojet Rocketdyne, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2023.
James Irwin
James Irwin, also known as Jim Irwin, was an American Air Force officer and NASA astronaut who became the eighth person to walk on the Moon in 1971.
James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), formerly the Next Generation Space Telescope, is a NASA-led infrared space telescope launched on December 25, 2021 to observe the early universe from a point 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
Jared Isaacman
Jared Isaacman, also known as Jared Rook Isaacman, is an American entrepreneur, pilot, and commercial astronaut serving as NASA's 15th administrator since December 2025, after commanding Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn.
JAXA
JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (宇宙航空研究開発機構), is Japan's national space agency, established in 2003 by merging NASDA, ISAS, and NAL; it operates the Kibo ISS laboratory and the Hayabusa asteroid sample-return missions.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, or JPL, is a federally funded research center in Pasadena, California, managed by Caltech for NASA since 1958 and known for robotic space missions, including all five successful Mars rovers.
Jianbing (satellite)
Jianbing (尖兵, "vanguard") is the military designator for China's reconnaissance satellites, announced publicly as the recoverable FSW series from 1975 and, since 2006, the Yaogan remote sensing series.
Jielong-1
Jielong-1 (捷龙一号, Smart Dragon-1, SD-1) is a Chinese four-stage solid-propellant launch vehicle developed by China Rocket Co. for small satellites; it flew once, in 2019, placing three satellites into orbit from Jiuquan.
Jielong-3
Jielong-3 (捷龙三号, "Smart Dragon-3", also listed as CZ-11A) is a Chinese four-stage solid-fuel small-lift launch vehicle that first flew from a sea platform in December 2022, carrying 14 satellites.
Jilin-1
Jilin-1 (吉林一号) is a Chinese commercial Earth-observation satellite constellation developed and operated by Chang Guang Satellite Technology of Changchun, with its first launch in 2015.
Jim Bridenstine
Jim Bridenstine, also known as James Frederick Bridenstine, is an American politician and former Navy pilot who served as a Republican congressman from Oklahoma and as NASA administrator from 2018 to 2021.
Jim Lovell
Jim Lovell, also known as James A. Lovell, was an American NASA astronaut who commanded Apollo 13 and orbited the Moon on Apollo 8 in 1968.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心) is China's first spaceport, a military-run complex in the Gobi Desert that launched Dongfanghong-1 in 1970 and every Chinese crewed Shenzhou mission since 2003.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心)
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心), China's first and largest launch base in the Gobi Desert, opened in 1958 and sent up China's first satellite in 1970.
JL-1
JL-1, formally Jilin-1 (吉林一号), is a Chinese high-resolution optical Earth-observation satellite launched in 2015, the first of a commercial constellation operated by Chang Guang Satellite Technology.
John F. Cashen
John F. Cashen is an American electrical engineer, nicknamed "Dr. Stealth," who led low-observables work at Northrop and was chiefly responsible for the B-2 bomber's ability to elude enemy radar.