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Throttling (rocket engine)
Throttling is the controlled variation of a rocket engine's thrust, most often by regulating propellant flow, used to limit aerodynamic loads and to enable propulsive landings.
Thrust curve
A thrust curve is a graph of the thrust a rocket motor produces plotted against time, usually recorded during a static firing on a test stand.
Thrust vectoring
Thrust vectoring, also known as thrust vector control (TVC), steers rockets and aircraft by redirecting engine thrust; most modern rockets use a swiveling gimbaled nozzle.
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) is a sounding rocket launch site near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, established in 1963 and the site of India's first rocket launch.
Thuraya
Thuraya is a United Arab Emirates mobile satellite services operator, founded in 1997, providing satellite voice and data across Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia.
Tiangong space station
Tiangong (天宫), also known as the Chinese Space Station, is China's three-module crewed space station in low Earth orbit, assembled in orbit between 2021 and 2022 and continuously hosting crews of three astronauts.
Tiangong-1 (天宫一号)
Tiangong-1 (天宫一号, "Heavenly Palace") was China's first space laboratory module and docking target, launched in September 2011 and visited by three Shenzhou spacecraft before its 2018 reentry.
Tiangong-2 (天宫二号)
Tiangong-2 (天宫二号) was China's second space laboratory, launched in 2016 to test astronaut stays, in-orbit refueling, and docking, and destroyed in a controlled re-entry over the South Pacific in 2019.
Tianhui
Tianhui (天绘, "Sky drawing") is a series of Chinese mapping and land-observation satellites operated by the People's Liberation Army, with 15 satellites launched by 2024.
Tianma 65-meter radio telescope
The Tianma 65-meter radio telescope (天马望远镜) is a fully steerable 65-meter dish in Shanghai, the largest of its kind in Asia, completed in 2012 and serving as a main station of the Chinese VLBI Network.
Tianmu (satellite bus)
Tianmu is a small Chinese satellite bus, about 50 kg in sun-synchronous orbit, that carries the Tianmu-1 constellation of nanosatellites performing BeiDou radio occultation weather sounding, first launched in 2023 by CASIC subsidiaries.
Tianqi Xingzuo
Tianqi Xingzuo (天启星座) is a Chinese commercial low Earth orbit satellite constellation for narrowband Internet of Things communication, operated by Beijing Guodian Gaoke Technology and completed in 2026 with 41 satellites launched.
Tiantong
Tiantong (天通) is China's independently developed geostationary satellite mobile communication system, launched in 2016 and operated by China Telecom, providing voice, message, and data services.
Tianwen-1 (天问一号)
Tianwen-1 (天问一号), meaning "Questions to Heaven," is China's first Mars exploration mission, launched in July 2020; it landed the Zhurong rover in Utopia Planitia in 2021.
Tianwen-2 (天问二号)
Tianwen-2 (天问二号) is a Chinese planetary exploration spacecraft launched on 29 May 2025 to return samples from the near-Earth asteroid Kamoʻoalewa, then visit main-belt comet 311P.
Tianwen-3
Tianwen-3 (天问三号) is a Chinese Mars sample-return mission planned to launch around 2028 on two Long March 5 rockets and return 500 grams of samples by 2031.
Tim Peake
Tim Peake (Timothy Nigel Peake) is a British astronaut and pilot who became the first British ESA astronaut to visit the International Space Station in 2015.
TIMED
TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) is a NASA satellite launched in 2001 to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere/ionosphere, Earth's least explored atmospheric layer, at altitudes of roughly 60 to 180 km.
Timeline of space travel by nationality
The timeline of space travel by nationality, or timeline of astronauts by nationality, records each country's first flight into space, starting with Yuri Gagarin's Soviet flight in 1961.
TIROS
TIROS, short for Television Infrared Observation Satellite, was a series of ten American experimental weather satellites launched by NASA between 1960 and 1965 that proved satellites could observe weather from space.
Titan (rocket family)
Titan, a United States rocket family used from 1959 to 2005, began as an Air Force intercontinental ballistic missile and later launched Gemini crews, Viking, Voyager, and Cassini.
Titan 24B
The Titan 24B was an American expendable launch vehicle, a Titan IIIB variant with an Agena upper stage that launched KH-8 spy satellites from Vandenberg from 1971.
Titan IIIB
Titan IIIB was an American expendable launch vehicle pairing a Titan III core with an Agena D upper stage, flown from Vandenberg from 1966 to 1987.
Titan IIIC
The Titan IIIC was an expendable US Air Force launch vehicle with strap-on solid boosters, flown from 1965 to 1982 to launch heavy military satellites.
Titan IIID
The Titan IIID, also written Titan 3D, was an American Air Force launch vehicle that flew reconnaissance satellites from Vandenberg 22 times between 1971 and 1982 without a failure.
Titan IV
Titan IV, also called Titan 4, was a heavy-lift expendable rocket operated by the US Air Force from 1989 to 2005, launching Cassini to Saturn.
TKS (spacecraft)
TKS is a Soviet spacecraft built by Vladimir Chelomey's OKB-52 to ferry crews and cargo to Almaz military space stations, flown uncrewed from 1977 to 1985.
TomTom
TomTom is a Dutch location technology company headquartered in Amsterdam, founded in 1991, known for its 2004 TomTom GO device and over 100 million satnavs sold.
Tongxin Jishu Shiyan
Tongxin Jishu Shiyan (TJS), meaning "communication technology test," is a Chinese series of geostationary satellites officially described as communications tests but widely assessed as military early warning and signals intelligence missions.
Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山豊寛)
Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山豊寛), a Japanese television journalist with Tokyo Broadcasting System, became the first Japanese citizen and first journalist in space aboard Soyuz TM-11 to Mir in December 1990.