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Technology and the built world

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Mixture of experts

Mixture of experts is a neural network architecture that routes each input to a few specialized expert sub-networks, allowing very large parameter counts with low per-token compute.

Mixture-of-Agents

Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) is an inference-time technique in which several large language models answer a prompt and aggregators synthesize their answers, introduced by Together AI in 2024.

Mixture-of-Depths

Mixture-of-Depths (MoD) is a transformer architecture method, introduced in April 2024 by Google DeepMind and McGill University, that routes some tokens past blocks to save compute.

Mixture-of-experts inference

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) inference is the serving of sparse MoE language models, where a router sends each token to a few expert networks per layer, cutting compute per token.

Mixup (machine learning)

Mixup is a data augmentation technique that trains a machine learning model on convex combinations of pairs of training examples and their labels, improving generalization and robustness.

Mizhi Gas Field

Mizhi Gas Field (米脂气田) is a tight natural gas field in the eastern Ordos Basin of Shaanxi, China, operated by PetroChina's Changqing Oilfield Company, with development starting in 2005.

Mizoribine

Mizoribine, sold as Bredinin, is an imidazole nucleoside immunosuppressant that blocks guanine nucleotide synthesis; approved in Japan in 1984, it is used for renal transplantation, lupus nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Miztón Oil and Gas Field

Miztón is an offshore oil field in Campeche Bay, Gulf of Mexico, about 10 km off Tabasco, Mexico, operated by Eni México since first oil in 2019.

Mizuho (train)

Mizuho (みずほ) is a limited-stop Shinkansen service operated by JR West and JR Kyushu from Shin-Osaka to Kagoshima-Chuo, started in 2011 as the route's fastest category.

Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (瑞浪超深地層研究所) was a Japan Atomic Energy Agency facility in Mizunami, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, with shafts 1,000 m deep for studying geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste.

Mizuno

Mizuno (ミズノ株式会社) is a Japanese sporting goods manufacturer headquartered in Osaka. Founded in 1906, it makes sports shoes, sportswear, and equipment for baseball, golf, running, and football.

Mizushima LNG Terminal

Mizushima LNG Terminal (水島LNG基地) is a liquefied natural gas import and regasification terminal in Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, opened in 2006 within the ENEOS Mizushima Refinery.

Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle

The Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle (Mk 12 Mod 0) is a 5.56mm designated marksman rifle developed for US special operations, fielded from 2002 to 2017.

Mk 13 rifle

The Mk 13 is a United States military bolt-action sniper rifle chambered in .300 Winchester Magnum and built on a Remington 700 long action, with an official effective range of 1,200 yards.

Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle

The Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle, also known as the Mk 14 EBR, is an American designated marksman rifle reworked from M14 rifles with an aluminum chassis stock and telescopic sight.

Mk 19 grenade launcher

The Mk 19 grenade launcher (Mk 19 Mod 3) is an American belt-fed automatic grenade launcher firing 40 mm grenades, adopted by the US Army in 1983.

Mk 2 grenade

The Mk 2 grenade, nicknamed the "pineapple", was the standard fragmentation hand grenade of the United States armed forces from 1918 until its use ended in 1969.

Mk 48 machine gun

The Mk 48 machine gun is a lightweight 7.62mm NATO belt-fed machine gun made by FN Herstal for US special operations, adopted in 2003 to replace the Mk 43.

Mk44 Bushmaster II

The Mk44 Bushmaster II, also called the Mark 44, is a 30 mm chain gun automatic cannon made by Northrop Grumman, firing NATO-standard 30x173 mm ammunition.

MKE Boran 105 mm howitzer

The MKE Boran is a Turkish 105 mm light towed howitzer built by MKE, helicopter-transportable and ready to fire in under a minute by a crew of five.

MKE MPT

MKE MPT, Turkish for National Infantry Rifle, is a family of battle rifles developed by Turkey's state-owned MKE for the Turkish Armed Forces, led by the 7.62×51 mm MPT-76.

MKS Instruments

MKS Instruments, now legally named MKS Inc., is an American supplier of instruments, subsystems, and process control solutions for semiconductor manufacturing, founded in 1961 and headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts.

ML (programming language)

ML is a family of strictly typed functional programming languages created as the Meta Language at the University of Edinburgh in the 1970s, best known through Standard ML.

Mladen Kezunovic

Mladen Kezunovic is an electrical engineer at Texas A&M University known for protective relaying and automated power system fault analysis, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.

MLC LLM

MLC LLM is a free, Apache 2.0-licensed machine learning compiler for large language models, created in April 2023 to run LLMs natively on phones, laptops, GPUs, and web browsers.

MLCommons

MLCommons is a nonprofit engineering consortium founded in 2020 by Peter Mattson that builds machine learning benchmarks and datasets, best known for its MLPerf performance benchmarks.

MLE-bench

MLE-bench is an OpenAI benchmark, released in October 2024, that measures how well AI agents perform machine learning engineering, using 75 curated Kaggle competitions graded by Kaggle's medal thresholds.

MLflow

MLflow is an open-source platform from Databricks, launched in 2018, for managing the machine learning lifecycle through experiment tracking, model packaging, and a model registry.

MLIR (software)

MLIR, or Multi-Level Intermediate Representation, is a reusable compiler infrastructure hosted as part of LLVM. Started at Google in 2018, it uses dialects to build compilers for ML, GPUs, and hardware design.

MLOps

MLOps, or machine learning operations, is a methodology extending DevOps principles to the machine learning lifecycle, automating model building, deployment, monitoring, and retraining in production.