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Mode S transponder
A Mode S transponder is an aircraft secondary surveillance transponder that replies selectively, answering only interrogations containing its unique 24-bit address, unlike earlier Mode A/C transponders.
Mode-division multiplexing
Mode-division multiplexing is an optical communication technique that transmits multiple independent data channels over a single fiber by using different spatial modes, extending space-division multiplexing.
MODEC
MODEC, Inc. (三井海洋開発) is a Japanese company that designs, builds, owns, and operates floating production systems for offshore oil and gas fields, chiefly FPSOs, and leads the leased FPSO market alongside SBM Offshore.
Model 302 telephone
The Model 302 telephone is a Western Electric desk telephone produced for the Bell System from 1937, the first with its ringer housed inside the set.
Model 500 telephone
The Model 500 is a rotary-dial desk telephone designed by Henry Dreyfuss and manufactured by Western Electric, introduced in 1949 as the standard Bell System desk telephone in North America.
Model Aeronautical Association of Australia
The Model Aeronautical Association of Australia is Australia's national governing body for aeromodelling, formed in Sydney in 1948 and recognized by CASA, with more than 9,500 members in over 330 clubs.
Model aircraft
A model aircraft, also called a model airplane or model plane, is a small unmanned flying machine built for recreation, competition, education, or aerodynamic research.
Model cards
A model card is a short document reporting a machine learning model's intended use, performance, and limitations, proposed by Margaret Mitchell and colleagues in 2018.
Model collapse
Model collapse, also called AI cannibalism, is a process in which generative models trained on their own output progressively lose the rarest parts of the original data distribution.
Model Context Protocol
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard released by Anthropic in 2024 that connects AI applications to external tools and data sources, adopted by OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and Microsoft.
Model distillation
Model distillation is a machine learning technique in which a small student model is trained to match a larger teacher's outputs, retaining over 95% of its performance.
Model editing (machine learning)
Model editing is a family of techniques that make targeted changes to a trained machine learning model's parameters or behavior without retraining it from scratch.
Model extraction attack
A model extraction attack is a privacy attack in which an adversary queries a machine learning model and trains a substitute that reproduces its behavior, per NIST.
Model F keyboard
The Model F, also known as the IBM Model F, is a family of IBM keyboards, made from 1981, best known as the keyboard of the original IBM PC.
Model gating
Model gating is the practice of requiring users to accept terms, and often share contact details, before downloading a model's weights, pioneered by Meta's gated LLaMA release in 2023.
Model M keyboard
The Model M, also known as the IBM Model M or IBM Enhanced Keyboard, is a buckling spring keyboard designed by IBM in 1985 and still made by Unicomp.
Model merging
Model merging is a post-training technique that combines the weight tensors of several fine-tuned models sharing the same base model into a single model, blending their capabilities without further training.
Model Openness Framework
The Model Openness Framework (MOF) is a three-tier classification system, created by the Linux Foundation's Generative AI Commons in 2024, that rates how openly licensed a model's components are.
Model organisms of misalignment
Model organisms of misalignment are small language models deliberately trained to exhibit alignment failures so researchers can study and detect them, a research pillar proposed by Evan Hubinger and coauthors in 2023.
Model parallelism
Model parallelism is a family of techniques that split a single neural network across multiple devices, so no device holds the whole model; its main forms are tensor and pipeline parallelism.
Model predictive control
Model predictive control (MPC), also known as receding horizon control, is a control method that optimizes control actions over a prediction horizon while enforcing constraints on inputs and outputs.
Model predictive path integral control
Model predictive path integral control (MPPI) is a sampling-based model predictive control algorithm that plans by sampling thousands of random trajectories, weighting each by cost, and averaging.
Model pruning (LLMs)
Model pruning is a compression technique for large language models that removes weights, neurons, attention heads, or layers so the model needs less memory and compute at inference.
Model reference adaptive control
Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is an adaptive control method in which an adaptation law tunes controller parameters so the plant output tracks a stable reference model despite uncertainty.
Model reference adaptive impedance control
Model reference adaptive impedance control (MRAIC, or MRAI) is a robot control method combining impedance control with model reference adaptive control, first formulated in 1993.
Model repair
Model repair is a family of geometry processing algorithms that detect and fix defects such as holes, gaps, self-intersections, and non-manifold configurations in mesh and CAD models.
Model rocket
A model rocket, also called a low-power rocket, is a small recoverable hobby rocket flown on commercial solid-propellant motors, treated as a safe way to learn rocketry.
Model rocket motor classification
Model rocket motor classification is the American letter-and-number system sorting hobby motors by total impulse, average thrust, and delay time, as in a C6-5 motor.
Model selection
Model selection, also called statistical model selection, is the task of choosing the candidate statistical or machine learning model expected to perform best on unseen data.
Model soup
A model soup is a neural network formed by averaging the weights of models fine-tuned from the same pre-trained initialization, introduced by Wortsman and colleagues in 2022.