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Molecular layer deposition
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is a vapor-phase thin-film technique, a variant of atomic layer deposition, that grows organic or hybrid organic-inorganic polymer films with monolayer thickness control.
Molecular muscle
A molecular muscle is a synthetic molecule or material that reversibly contracts and extends in response to a stimulus, mimicking biological muscle through gliding interlocked rotaxane components.
Molecular nanotechnology
Molecular nanotechnology, or molecular manufacturing, is a proposed technology that would build products of any size with precise placement of individual atoms, an idea traced to Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and developed by K. Eric Drexler.
Molecular representation learning
Molecular representation learning encodes chemical structures into reusable numerical embeddings, typically with graph neural networks, supporting property prediction, toxicity prediction, protein binding affinity, and drug discovery.
Molecular robot
A molecular robot is an artificial molecular-scale system, usually built from DNA, that senses, processes information, and acts within a structure smaller than a cell.
Molecular sieve
A molecular sieve is a porous solid with pores 0.3 to 2.0 nm wide that admits some molecules while excluding others; most commercial sieves are zeolites.
Molecular solar thermal energy storage
Molecular solar thermal energy storage, also called solar thermal fuels, is a technology in which photoswitchable molecules store sunlight as chemical energy and release it as heat on demand, with no reagents or by-products.
Molecular solar thermal system with norbornadiene–quadricyclane
The norbornadiene–quadricyclane (NBD/QC) system is a molecular solar thermal energy storage scheme in which norbornadiene absorbs light and converts to strained quadricyclane, releasing stored energy as heat on demand.
Molecular Transformer
The Molecular Transformer is a deep learning model that predicts chemical reaction products by treating reactions as translation between SMILES strings, developed at IBM Research in 2018.
Molecular variational autoencoder
Chemical VAE (chemical variational autoencoder) is a deep generative model that compresses molecules into a latent space to generate new compounds, introduced at Harvard in 2018.
Molecular weight distribution
Molecular weight distribution (MWD) is the set of relative amounts of polymer chains of each molecular weight in a sample, described by averages such as number- and weight-average molar mass.
Molecular-beam epitaxy
Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is a physical vapor deposition technique that grows crystalline thin films from atomic beams in ultra-high vacuum, with layer control at the monolayer level.
Moleskine
Moleskine is an Italian stationery brand headquartered in Milan, created in 1997 by the publisher Modo&Modo to relaunch the plain black notebook described by Bruce Chatwin, and owned since 2016 by the Belgian D'Ieteren Group.
Molex
Molex, also known as Molex Incorporated, is an American manufacturer of electronic connectors and cable assemblies, founded in 1938 and owned by Koch since 2013.
Molex connector
A Molex connector, also known as a Molex plug, is the 4-pin peripheral power connector delivering +12 V and +5 V to disk drives, fans, and other internal PC peripherals.
MolFormer
MoLFormer is a large-scale chemical language model developed at IBM that encodes molecules as SMILES strings using linear attention, pretrained on about 1.1 billion unlabelled molecules from PubChem and ZINC.
MolGAN
MolGAN is a generative adversarial model that creates small molecular graphs directly, introduced by Nicola De Cao and Thomas Kipf in 2018; it reaches 98.1% chemically valid output but suffers from mode collapse.
Molicel
Molicel is the brand name of E-One Moli Energy Corporation, a Taiwanese manufacturer of high-power cylindrical lithium-ion cells, part of Taiwan Cement Group, serving eVTOL aircraft, drones, and data centers.
MOLLE
MOLLE, short for Modular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment, is the United States Army's modular system of rucksacks, a vest, and interchangeable pouches, fielded from 2001 and named after its PALS webbing.
Molly Shoichet
Molly S. Shoichet is a Canadian biomaterials scientist at the University of Toronto known for injectable hydrogels delivering drugs and stem cells to the injured spinal cord and retina.
Molly Stevens
Molly Stevens is a bioengineer working at the interface of materials and living tissue, John Black Professor of Bionanoscience at Oxford since 2023 after leading research at Imperial College London from 2004.
Molmo
Molmo is a family of open-weight vision-language models released by the Allen Institute for AI in September 2024, distinguished by a pointing capability and fully open training data.
Molniya (rocket)
Molniya (Молния, "Lightning"), designated 8K78, was a Soviet and Russian four-stage orbital rocket built on the R-7 missile in 1960, flying Mars, Venus, and lunar missions until 2010.
Molniya (satellite)
Molniya-1 (Молния-1, "Lightning-1") was a Soviet communications satellite first launched successfully in 1965, relaying television and long-distance telephone across the USSR from the highly elliptical orbit that now bears its name.
Molniya (Молния) (satellite)
Molniya (Молния, "Lightning") is a series of Soviet and Russian communications satellites, first launched in 1964, whose highly elliptical 12-hour orbits keep each satellite visible over high northern latitudes.
Molniya orbit
A Molniya orbit is a highly elliptical 12-hour Earth orbit inclined at 63.4°, letting satellites dwell for hours over high northern latitudes where geostationary satellites cannot serve.
Molotov cocktail
A Molotov cocktail is an improvised incendiary weapon, a breakable glass bottle of flammable liquid with a lit cloth wick, named by Finns in the 1939–40 Winter War.
Moltbook
Moltbook was a Reddit-style social network where only AI agents could post, created by Matt Schlicht in January 2026 and acquired by Meta that March.
Molten carbonate fuel cell
A molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is a high-temperature fuel cell that uses molten carbonate salts as its electrolyte and operates at about 650 degrees C for stationary power generation.
Molten chloride salt thermal energy storage
Molten chloride salt thermal energy storage is a high-temperature storage technology using liquid chloride salts such as NaCl-KCl-MgCl2, stable above 400–800 °C for power generation.