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Needle telegraph code
A needle telegraph code is an alphabet in which letters are represented by deflections of magnetized needles, devised by Pavel Schilling in 1832 and refined by Cooke and Wheatstone.
Needle valve
A needle valve is a flow control valve that regulates fluid or gas through a small orifice with a tapered needle, allowing fine, precise flow adjustment.
Needles and stylus interaction on shellac 78 rpm discs
Shellac 78 rpm discs were played with expendable steel or fiber needles that the abrasive groove ground into shape, governing volume, tone, and record wear.
Neel Nanda
Neel Nanda is an AI safety researcher leading the mechanistic interpretability team at Google DeepMind, credited as a founding figure of a field that grew to hundreds of researchers.
Neelie Kroes
Neelie Kroes, born 1941 in Rotterdam, is a Dutch VVD politician who was European Competition Commissioner from 2004 to 2009 and Digital Agenda vice-president from 2010 to 2014.
NEEMO
NEEMO (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations) is a NASA analog program that sends crews to live underwater in the Aquarius research station off Key Largo, Florida, to prepare for space exploration.
Neeraj Kayal
Neeraj Kayal is an Indian theoretical computer scientist who co-discovered the AKS primality test in 2002, winning the Gödel Prize, and studies algebraic complexity theory at Microsoft Research Bengaluru.
Neerja
Neerja (2016) is a Hindi biographical thriller directed by Ram Madhvani, starring Sonam Kapoor as Pan Am Flight 73 head purser Neerja Bhanot, who died saving passengers in the 1986 Karachi hijacking; it won the National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film.
Neerja Bhanot
Neerja Bhanot was an Indian flight attendant and senior purser of Pan Am Flight 73, killed at 23 while saving passengers during the 1986 hijacking at Karachi.
Neft Dashlary-Bahar Gas Pipeline
The Neft Dashlary-Bahar Gas Pipeline, also known as Neft Dashlari-Bahar-AzGPZ, is a 66-kilometer underwater gas pipeline in the Azerbaijani Caspian Sea, commissioned by SOCAR in December 2007.
Neftyanye Kamni
Neftyanye Kamni (Neft Daşları, "Oil Rocks") is an offshore oil field and settlement in the Caspian Sea off Azerbaijan, site of the first commercial offshore oil production in open sea.
Negative bias temperature instability
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a degradation phenomenon in p-channel MOS transistors in which negative gate bias at elevated temperature shifts the threshold voltage.
Negative capacitance field-effect transistor
The negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NC-FET), proposed by Sayeef Salahuddin and Supriyo Datta in 2008, is a low-power MOSFET with a ferroelectric gate layer aimed at beating the Boltzmann limit.
Negative capacitance in ferroelectric HfZrO
Negative capacitance in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is a regime where the ferroelectric's voltage decreases as stored charge rises, amplifying gate voltage to push transistors below the 60 mV/decade limit.
Negative feedback
Negative feedback is a control arrangement in which part of a system's output is returned to the input in opposition, holding the output near a target value.
Negative linear compressibility in metal–organic frameworks
Negative linear compressibility in metal–organic frameworks is the expansion of a MOF crystal along one or more axes under hydrostatic pressure, typically produced by a hinging wine-rack geometry.
Negative pricing
Negative pricing in electricity markets is a wholesale price below zero, meaning sellers pay buyers to take power, which arises when inflexible generators keep producing during low demand.
Negative prompt
A negative prompt is text given to an image-generation model describing what the output should not contain, arising in the Stable Diffusion community in 2022.
Negative sampling (machine learning)
Negative sampling is a machine learning training technique that replaces expensive softmax normalization with binary classification, distinguishing a positive example from a few random negatives.
Negative skin friction
Negative skin friction (NSF) is the downward shear force settling soil exerts on a pile shaft, typically from consolidating soft clay, fill, or groundwater lowering.
Negative temperature feedback
Negative temperature feedback in a nuclear reactor is the inherent effect by which rising temperature lowers reactivity, so fission and heat output fall without any operator action.
Negative thermal expansion metamaterials
Negative thermal expansion metamaterials are mechanical metamaterials that contract, or expand slowly, when heated, through geometry rather than material properties, first demonstrated by Lakes and colleagues in 1996.
Negative-sequence current
Negative-sequence current is the symmetrical component, from Fortescue's 1918 method, that appears when three-phase currents or voltages are unbalanced, producing counter-rotating fields, rotor heating, and vibration in machines.
NégaWatt
NégaWatt is a French nonprofit association founded in 2001 that produces independent energy scenarios for France, prioritizing sufficiency, then efficiency, then renewables, with carbon neutrality by 2050.
Negishi LNG Terminal
Negishi LNG Terminal is an LNG import terminal in Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Japan, jointly operated by Tokyo Gas and TEPCO and opened in November 1969 as Japan's first.
Neha Narkhede
Neha Narkhede (born 1985, Pune) is the Indian-American engineer who co-created Apache Kafka at LinkedIn and co-founded Confluent (acquired by IBM in 2026), its former CTO, now CEO of fraud-detection firm Oscilar and a Forbes-listed investor.
Nehalem (microarchitecture)
Nehalem is Intel's 45 nm processor microarchitecture, first shipped in November 2008 in the Core i7, with an integrated memory controller and QuickPath Interconnect replacing the front-side bus.
NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions
The NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions, commonly the NEHRP Provisions, is a US technical resource document setting minimum seismic design requirements for new buildings, first published in 1985 and developed by the BSSC for FEMA.
Neighbor (company)
Neighbor is an American peer-to-peer self-storage marketplace based in Lehi, Utah. Co-founded in 2017 by Colton Gardner, Joseph Woodbury, and Preston Alder, it connects renters to unused space in garages and driveways.
Neighbor Discovery Protocol
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), also called IPv6 Neighbor Discovery, is an ICMPv6 protocol defined in RFC 4861 that handles IPv6 address resolution, router discovery, and address autoconfiguration.