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Nozzle
A nozzle is a specially shaped tube through which a fluid flows, converting pressure or thermal energy into directed flow for propulsion, flow metering, or spraying.
NP-completeness
NP-completeness is a property of decision problems that are at least as hard as every problem in NP, first proved for SAT by Stephen Cook in 1971 and extended by Karp's 21 problems in 1972.
NP-hardness
NP-hardness is a property of computational problems to which every problem in NP can be reduced in polynomial time, introduced by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin in 1971.
NPAPI
NPAPI, or Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface, is a deprecated C API created at Adobe in 1995 that let browsers run plugins for PDFs, video, and Java applets.
npm
npm is a package manager for JavaScript, created by Isaac Schlueter in 2009; its public registry, owned by GitHub since 2020, hosts millions of open-source packages.
Npm left-pad incident
The npm left-pad incident, also called Left-pad, was a 2016 npm outage in which thousands of builds broke after developer Azer Koçulu unpublished his packages.
NR V2X
NR V2X (New Radio Vehicle-to-Everything) is the 3GPP standard for vehicular communication over the 5G New Radio air interface, introduced in Release 16 and completed in June 2020.
NRG Energy
NRG Energy, Inc. is an American integrated energy company based in Houston, Texas, serving about 8 million residential customers under brands including Reliant, Direct Energy, and Vivint.
NRG Stadium
NRG Stadium is a retractable-roof stadium in Houston, Texas, home of the NFL's Houston Texans and the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, opened in 2002.
Nripan Mathews
Nripan Mathews is a Singapore-based materials scientist and associate professor at Nanyang Technological University known for perovskite solar cells, memristive neuromorphic devices, and solar-panel silicon recycling.
NRLA
The New Rail Link through the Alps (NRLA), also known as Alptransit, is a Swiss railway project comprising the Lötschberg, Gotthard, and Ceneri base tunnels, completed in 2020.
NRP D. João II
NRP D. João II is a multifunctional naval platform built for the Portuguese Navy by Damen Shipyards in Romania, named for the 15th-century Portuguese king and due for delivery in 2027.
NS Class 1100
The NS Class 1100 was a series of 60 electric locomotives of the Dutch national railway NS, built by Alsthom in France and used from 1950 to 1999.
NS Class 1200
The NS Class 1200 was a series of 25 six-axle electric locomotives of the Dutch national railway, built to an American design between 1951 and 1953.
NS Savannah
The NS Savannah, launched in 1959 under Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace program, was the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship, serving from 1962 to 1970 and now awaiting decommissioning in Baltimore.
NSA artificial intelligence security center
The NSA Artificial Intelligence Security Center (AISC) is a National Security Agency organization, announced in September 2023, serving as the focal point for securing AI systems in US national security and defense.
NSB B5
NSB B5 is a Norwegian steel-bodied second-class passenger carriage built by Strømmens Værksted from 1977, seating 68 and numbered 26001–26063, later refurbished by Bombardier and used chiefly on the Bergen Line.
NSB Class 69
NSB Class 69, also known as NSB BM69, is a two- or three-car electric multiple unit built for the Norwegian State Railways between 1970 and 1993.
NSB El 18
The NSB El 18 is a class of 22 electric locomotives delivered to the Norwegian State Railways in 1996 and 1997, built by Adtranz and SLM.
NSB WLAB-2
The NSB WLAB-2 is a Norwegian sleeping carriage type built by Strømmen Værksted, with 20 cars delivered between 1986 and 1987 for NSB night trains, now scheduled for replacement.
Nscale
Nscale is a London-based AI infrastructure company founded in 2024 as a spin-out of the bitcoin mining firm Arkon Energy, building GPU data centers for Microsoft and OpenAI.
NSFNET
NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) was a US government-funded network launched by the National Science Foundation in 1985, serving as the backbone of the early internet until 1995.
NSGA-II
NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm introduced by Deb and colleagues in 2002, and the standard first-choice solver for real-world multi-objective optimization.
NSGA-III
NSGA-III is an evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithm introduced by Kalyanmoy Deb and Himanshu Jain in 2013 that maintains diversity using reference points for problems with three or more objectives.
NSI Industries
NSI Industries is an American maker of electrical fittings, connectors, and wire management products based in Huntersville, North Carolina; Hubbell acquired it for $3.0 billion in 2026.
Nslookup
Nslookup is a command-line program for querying DNS name servers, written in the 1980s as part of BIND and now installed by default on most operating systems, including Windows.
NSO Group
NSO Group, also known as NSO Group Technologies, is an Israeli firm founded in 2010 in Herzliya that licenses the Pegasus spyware to governments and law enforcement.
NSP-Minnesota
NSP-Minnesota, doing business as Xcel Energy, is a Minneapolis-based utility serving about 1.6 million electric and 0.6 million natural gas customers in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
NSP-Wisconsin
NSP-Wisconsin is a wholly owned utility subsidiary of Xcel Energy, headquartered in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and renamed in 1924; it serves about 364,000 electricity and natural gas customers.
NSTAR Electric
NSTAR Electric Company is a Massachusetts regulated electric utility doing business as Eversource Energy, serving about 432,000 customers and created by the 1999 merger of BEC Energy and Commonwealth Energy System.