Technology and the built world

OBD-II PIDs

OBD-II PIDs (Parameter IDs) are numeric codes for requesting emissions-related diagnostic data, such as engine speed or coolant temperature, from a vehicle's on-board computer, defined by SAE J1979.

Oben-Geregu Gas Pipeline

The Oben-Geregu Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in Nigeria, completed in 2011, carrying gas from Edo State to the Geregu power plants in Kogi State.

Obermeyer (brewery)

Obermeyer & Liebmann, also known as the Havana Brewery, was a Brooklyn lager brewery founded in 1868 in Bushwick by David Obermeyer and Joseph Liebmann.

Oberon (programming language)

Oberon is a general-purpose programming language created by Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zürich, defined in 1988 as a descendant of Pascal and Modula-2, known for type extension.

Oberth effect

The Oberth effect is the rocketry principle that a rocket burn produces more orbital energy when performed at high speed, at the periapsis of an orbit, than far away.

Code obfuscation is the transformation of a computer program into a version that behaves identically but is substantially harder to understand, used to obstruct reverse engineering and by malware to evade detection.

Obiafu gas field

Obiafu is an operating oil and gas field in Rivers State, Nigeria, forming with adjacent Obrikom the Obiafu-Obrikom (OB-OB) gas complex that supplies Nigeria LNG.

Obigbo North gas field

Obigbo North is an operating onshore oil and gas field in Rivers State, Nigeria, north-east of Port Harcourt in OML 17, operated by TNOG Oil and Gas.

Object (computer science)

In computer science, an object is a region of storage combining state, behavior, and identity, the core concept of object-oriented programming, first introduced by the 1967 language Simula 67.

Object Constraint Language

The Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a formal, textual language for expressing constraints and queries on UML models, standardized by the Object Management Group as a UML companion.

Object database

An object database, also known as an object-oriented database management system (OODBMS), stores programming-language objects directly, so applications read and write objects without converting them to tables and rows.

Object Linking and Embedding

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) is a Microsoft technology that lets a document contain objects from other applications, either as live links or embedded copies.

Object Management Group

The Object Management Group (OMG) is an international, open-membership, not-for-profit standards consortium founded in 1989, whose members develop enterprise standards including UML, CORBA, DDS, and BPMN.

Object Pascal

Object Pascal is a family of object-oriented extensions of Pascal, created at Apple in 1985 by Larry Tesler and Niklaus Wirth and best known today through Embarcadero Delphi.

Object Process Methodology

Object Process Methodology (OPM) is a conceptual modeling language for specifying complex systems in a single model, developed by Dov Dori and published as ISO 19450:2024.

Object storage

Object storage, also called blob storage, is a data storage architecture that manages data as objects with metadata and identifiers, accessed through APIs rather than file systems.

Object-based image analysis

Object-based image analysis (OBIA), also called geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), is a remote sensing method that segments satellite or aerial imagery into meaningful objects and classifies them instead of individual pixels.

Object-oriented analysis and design

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a software engineering approach that models a system as objects, using analysis to model the domain and design to model the software.

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming style in which software is built from objects that bundle state with operations, using techniques like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Object–relational mapping

Object–relational mapping (ORM) is a technique that maps data between object-oriented programs and relational databases, with tools like Hibernate, Django ORM, and Prisma generating SQL and writing changes back to the database.

Objective-C

Objective-C, also known as ObjC, is an object-oriented programming language extending C with Smalltalk-style messaging, created by Brad Cox and Tom Love in the early 1980s.

Oblik

Oblik (Облик), Soviet for "appearance," was the code name for the Zenit-8 satellite, a film-return photoreconnaissance and cartography spacecraft built by TsSKB in Kuibyshev and flown from 1984.

Oblique photogrammetry

Oblique photogrammetry builds 3D models of terrain and buildings from aerial photos with the camera tilted more than 5° from vertical, capturing facades as well as ground detail.

Oblique photography

Oblique photography is an aerial imaging technique with the camera tilted more than five degrees off-vertical, recording building sides and terrain as well as their tops.

Oblique wing

The oblique wing, also called the scissors wing, is a single wing pivoted so one half sweeps forward and the other backward, tested by NASA's AD-1.

Oblivious transfer

Oblivious transfer (OT) is a two-party cryptographic protocol in which a receiver learns exactly one of the sender's messages while the sender learns nothing about which was taken.

OBO Foundry

The OBO Foundry (Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies Foundry) is a community-run consortium, set out in a 2007 paper, that coordinates interoperable, openly licensed ontologies for the biological and biomedical sciences.

Obolon (company)

Obolon (Оболонь) is a Ukrainian beverage corporation headquartered in Kyiv, founded in 1980 as Kyiv Brewery #3 and privatized in 1992 as independent Ukraine's first private enterprise.

Obra Thermal Power Station

Obra Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station at Obra in Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India, owned by UPRVUNL and expanded with two 660 MW supercritical units completed in 2024 and 2025.