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Odds ratio preference optimization
Odds ratio preference optimization (ORPO) is a single-stage preference alignment method for large language models that merges fine-tuning and preference optimization without a reference model, introduced at KAIST in 2024.
Oded Goldreich
Oded Goldreich is an Israeli computer scientist at the Weizmann Institute of Science known for zero-knowledge proofs and secure computation, winner of the 2021 Israel Prize.
Oded Regev (computer scientist)
Oded Regev is a theoretical computer scientist and professor at New York University's Courant Institute, known for introducing the Learning with Errors problem in 2005.
Odense Robotics
Odense Robotics is Denmark's national cluster for robotics, automation and drones, a non-profit association established in Odense in 2015 that now has more than 300 members and supports the Danish robotics industry.
Odest C. Jenkins
Odest C. Jenkins, also known as Odest Chadwicke Jenkins, is an American computer scientist in robot learning and human-robot interaction, a professor at the University of Michigan since 2015.
Odfjell
Odfjell SE is a Norwegian shipping and tank-terminal company headquartered in Bergen, founded in 1914 and operating a deep-sea chemical tanker fleet of 77 vessels.
Odfjell Drilling
Odfjell Drilling is a Norwegian offshore drilling contractor founded in 1973 by the Odfjell family of Bergen, operating harsh-environment semi-submersible rigs in the North Sea.
Odisha Power Generation Corporation
Odisha Power Generation Corporation (OPGC) is a wholly state-owned power company of Odisha, India, incorporated in 1984 and operating the 1,740 MW Ib Thermal Power Station.
Odnoklassniki (Одноклассники)
Odnoklassniki (Одноклассники, also OK.ru) is a Russian social networking platform launched in 2006 by Albert Popkov to help people reconnect with former classmates and old friends.
Odoo
Odoo, formerly OpenERP and TinyERP, is an open-source business management suite developed by the Belgian company Odoo S.A., covering accounting, sales, CRM, inventory, manufacturing, and human resources in free Community and paid Enterprise editions.
Odoptu field
Odoptu (Одопту) is an oil and gas field on the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island, Russia, and one of three fields in the Sakhalin-1 project, producing since 2010.
Odorization
Odorization is the deliberate addition of a strong-smelling odorant to odorless natural gas so leaks are detectable by smell, made standard after the 1937 New London school explosion.
ODrive
ODrive is an open-source brushless DC motor controller begun by Oskar Weigl in 2016, letting inexpensive hobby motors deliver precise torque, velocity, and position control in robotics.
ODROID-XU4
The ODROID-XU4 is a single-board computer made by the South Korean company Hardkernel, released in 2015 for about $59 with an octa-core Exynos5422, USB 3.0, Gigabit Ethernet, and eMMC storage, and now discontinued.
Odudu Oil and Gas Field
Odudu is an operating oil and gas field in shallow water offshore Nigeria, in block OML 100 in the southeastern Niger Delta, operated by TotalEnergies.
Odyssey (launch platform)
Odyssey, originally Ocean Odyssey, is a converted drilling rig that served as the Sea Launch floating launch pad on the equator from 1999 to 2014.
OECD AI Policy Observatory
The OECD AI Policy Observatory (OECD.AI) is an online platform launched by the OECD in Paris in February 2020 to help countries monitor the responsible development of trustworthy artificial intelligence.
Oechsler
Oechsler is a German polymer technology company headquartered in Ansbach, Bavaria, founded in 1864 by Matthias Oechsler, with about 2,100 employees and six production sites worldwide.
Oeste de Atapu Oil and Gas Field
Oeste de Atapu is an offshore oil and gas field in the pre-salt section of Brazil's Santos Basin, about 200 km off Rio de Janeiro and operated by Petrobras.
OFC (conference)
OFC, the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition, is the world's largest annual conference for optical networking. Founded in 1975, it drew nearly 18,000 attendees in 2026.
OFDM with index modulation
OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a multicarrier wireless transmission scheme, proposed at IEEE GLOBECOM 2012, in which subcarrier activation patterns carry information alongside conventional constellation symbols.
Ofelia (oil field)
Ofelia is an oil and gas discovery in block 35/6 in the northern North Sea, proven in 2022 and developed as a subsea tie-back to the Gjøa field.
Off-hire
Off-hire is the suspension of hire payments under a time charterparty when a vessel cannot perform the service the charterer is paying for, protecting the charterer.
Off-policy learning
Off-policy learning is a reinforcement learning approach that evaluates or improves a target policy using data from a different behavior policy, including offline RL from logged data.
Off-road vehicle
An off-road vehicle is a motor vehicle built to drive on unpaved terrain such as dirt, sand, mud, and rocks, with four-wheel drive and high ground clearance.
Off-the-grid
Off-the-grid describes a building or community operating without public utility networks, most commonly the electrical grid, typically in remote areas where extending power lines costs more than generating and storing power onsite.
Offensive counter-air
Offensive counter-air (OCA) is the category of air operations that destroys or neutralizes an enemy's air power and air defenses, preferably on the ground, to gain control of the air.
Offensive Security
Offensive security, or OffSec, is the practice of probing computer systems, networks, applications, and people by simulating attacker behavior so weaknesses are found and fixed before malicious actors exploit them.
Office Assistant
The Office Assistant, also known as the Microsoft Office Assistant, was an animated help feature in Microsoft Office from 1997, best known for its paperclip character Clippy.
Office Automation
Office automation is the use of computers and communication technology to carry out routine clerical work like billing, word processing, and email, reducing manual labor and improving productivity.