edgepedia

Technology and the built world

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Operation Hardtack I

Operation Hardtack I was a series of 35 United States nuclear tests at Enewetak, Bikini, and Johnston Island in 1958, totaling 35.6 megatons, the largest US test series to that date.

Operation Homecoming

Operation Homecoming was the United States military program that returned 591 American prisoners of war from Vietnam, Laos, and China in 1973, after the Paris Peace Accords, through Clark Air Base in the Philippines.

Operation IceBridge

Operation IceBridge was a NASA airborne science campaign, flown from 2009 to 2021, that measured changes in the thickness of Arctic and Antarctic ice between the ICESat satellites.

Operation Jericho

Operation Jericho, wartime designation Ramrod 564, was a low-level RAF bombing raid on 18 February 1944 that breached the walls of Amiens prison in occupied France.

Operation Lindbergh

Operation Lindbergh was the first complete robot-assisted surgical operation across a transoceanic distance: in 2001, surgeon Jacques Marescaux in New York removed a gallbladder in Strasbourg via the ZEUS system.

Operation Linebacker II

Operation Linebacker II, known as the Christmas Bombing, was a United States air campaign against North Vietnam in December 1972 that forced Hanoi back to peace talks.

Operation Looking Glass

Operation Looking Glass, also called the Airborne National Command Post, was Strategic Air Command's airborne nuclear command post, airborne around the clock from February 1961 to July 1990.

Operation Martyr Soleimani

Operation Martyr Soleimani, also reported as Operation Martyr Qasem Soleimani, was Iran's ballistic-missile attack of 8 January 2020 against Ayn al-Asad and Erbil in Iraq, its first direct strike on US forces.

Operation Menu

Operation Menu, also called the Secret Bombing of Cambodia, was a secret United States Air Force B-52 campaign against Communist base areas in Cambodia from March 1969 to May 1970.

Operation Northwoods

Operation Northwoods was a 1962 United States Joint Chiefs of Staff plan proposing staged incidents blamed on Cuba to justify invasion, rejected by the Kennedy administration.

Operation Opera

Operation Opera (Hebrew: מבצע אופרה), also known as Operation Babylon, was a surprise June 7, 1981 Israeli Air Force airstrike that destroyed Iraq's unfinished Osirak nuclear reactor southeast of Baghdad.

Operation Pluto

Operation Pluto, also known as Pipe Line Under The Ocean, was a British World War II operation that piped fuel across the English Channel after D-Day.

Operation Popeye

Operation Popeye, also known as Motorpool, was a classified US Air Force cloud-seeding program of the Vietnam War that seeded monsoon clouds over the Ho Chi Minh Trail from 1967 to 1972.

Operation Rolling Thunder

Operation Rolling Thunder was a graduated United States air campaign against North Vietnam, conducted from March 1965 until November 1968 with over 300,000 combat sorties flown.

Operation Sea-Spray

Operation Sea-Spray was a secret 1950 U.S. Navy test in which a ship sprayed bacteria into the air off San Francisco, exposing about 800,000 residents without their consent.

Operation Solomon (מבצע שלמה)

Operation Solomon (מבצע שלמה, Mivtza Shlomo) was a covert 1991 Israeli military and civilian operation that airlifted more than 14,000 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa to Israel in about 36 hours.

Operation Stack

Operation Stack is a Kent traffic procedure that closes the M20 to park freight lorries when disruption at Dover or the Channel Tunnel stops cross-Channel departures.

Operation Starvation (飢餓作戦)

Operation Starvation (飢餓作戦) was a United States aerial mining campaign against Japan from March to August 1945, in which B-29s laid over 12,000 mines that cut imports and ship traffic.

Operation Teapot

Operation Teapot was a 1955 United States nuclear test series of 14 nuclear shots and one non-nuclear shot at the Nevada Test Site, engaging about 11,000 Defense Department personnel.

Operation Upshot–Knothole

Operation Upshot–Knothole was a 1953 series of 11 atmospheric nuclear tests at the Nevada Proving Ground, involving about 21,000 personnel and notable for heavy fallout, especially from the Harry shot.

Operation Wikinger

Operation Wikinger, meaning "Viking", was a February 1940 sortie by six German destroyers into the North Sea that ended with two sunk by friendly fire and mines, killing 578.

Operation Yellow Ribbon

Operation Yellow Ribbon (French: Opération ruban jaune) was launched by Transport Canada on September 11, 2001, landing 224 diverted flights with more than 33,000 passengers at Canadian airports.

Operational amplifier

An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a high-gain voltage amplifier with a differential input and single-ended output, first developed at Bell Labs in the 1940s.

Operational amplifier applications

Operational amplifier applications, also called op-amp circuits, are analog circuits built around a high-gain differential amplifier whose external feedback networks set functions like amplification, arithmetic, filtering, and oscillation.

Operational analytics

Operational analytics (also operational BI, operational intelligence) applies analytics directly to operational systems like POS, ERP, IoT, and CRM in near real time to monitor, optimize, and automate day-to-day business processes.

Operational data store

Operational data store (ODS), or operational data layer (ODL): a subject-oriented, integrated, near-real-time database consolidating data from multiple transactional systems for operational reporting, distinct from data warehouses holding historical analytical data.

Operational design domain

An operational design domain (ODD) is the set of operating conditions, such as road type, speed, and weather, under which a driving automation system is designed to function.

Operational modal analysis

Operational modal analysis (OMA) is a response-only structural dynamics method that estimates natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes from ambient vibration, without measuring excitation forces.

Operational profile (software)

An operational profile is a quantitative characterization of how a software system will be used, listing its operations and their probabilities of occurrence; John D. Musa introduced the concept.

Operational risk management

Operational risk management is the discipline of identifying and mitigating risks from failed internal processes, people, systems, or external events, as defined in banking by the Basel Committee.