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Overpressure round
An overpressure round is a cartridge loaded to a chamber pressure higher than standard for its caliber, identified in the United States by the designations +P and +P+.
Oversampling (machine learning)
Oversampling is a data-level technique for imbalanced classification that adds minority-class samples by duplicating or synthesizing them; the best-known method, SMOTE, interpolates between neighboring samples and was introduced in 2002.
Overseas Highway
The Overseas Highway, also known as the Florida Keys Scenic Highway, is the 126-mile segment of U.S. 1 from Florida City to Key West and the Keys' only road link to the mainland.
Overseas Railroad
The Overseas Railroad, also known as Flagler's Folly, carried trains from Homestead across the Florida Keys to Key West, opening in 1912 and ending after the 1935 hurricane.
Overstrength
Overstrength is the ratio of a structure's actual lateral strength to the strength required by seismic design provisions, central to earthquake engineering because codes rely on reserve strength to prevent collapse.
Overthinking (reasoning models)
Overthinking in reasoning models is the tendency of large language models trained to reason at length to generate unnecessary tokens that waste compute, increase latency and cost, and sometimes lower accuracy on simple tasks.
Overtopping
Overtopping, or wave overtopping, is the passage of water from wave run-up over the crest of a seawall, dike, or breakwater, which can flood the hinterland and endanger people.
Overtopping device
An overtopping device is a wave energy converter that stores overtopped waves in a reservoir above sea level and drains the water through low-head turbines driving generators.
Overtopping protection
Overtopping protection is the armoring of a dam, most often an earthen embankment, so floodwater flowing over its crest does not erode it and cause a breach.
Overtoun Bridge
Overtoun Bridge, called the dog suicide bridge, is a road bridge over the Overtoun Burn near Dumbarton, Scotland, known for reports of dogs falling from its parapet.
Overview effect
The overview effect is a cognitive shift reported by astronauts viewing Earth from space, first named by Frank White, who explained it in his 1987 book.
Ovijit Chaudhuri
Ovijit Chaudhuri is a Stanford professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering known for showing that extracellular matrix viscoelasticity, not just stiffness, regulates stem cell spreading and differentiation.
Ovintiv
Ovintiv is a Denver-based oil and gas company formed in 2020 when Canada's Encana Corporation reorganized as an American company, operating in the Permian and Montney.
Ovo Energy
Ovo Energy is a British domestic gas and electricity supplier founded by Stephen Fitzpatrick in 2009 and based in Bristol, at one point serving 3.5 million customers.
Ovonic threshold switch
The ovonic threshold switch is a two-terminal chalcogenide glass device that switches on above a threshold voltage, used as a selector in Intel Optane memory.
Ovonic threshold switching
Ovonic threshold switching is a volatile effect in amorphous chalcogenide glasses where resistivity drops sharply above a threshold voltage; the switch serves as the selector in 3D cross-point memories like Intel's Optane.
Owala (brand)
Owala is an American drinkware brand launched by Trove Brands in March 2020, best known for its FreeSip insulated water bottle, whose patented spout works as both a straw and a wide-mouth sip.
OWASP ZAP
OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) is a free, open-source penetration testing tool for finding vulnerabilities in web applications, created by Simon Bennetts and released in 2010.
Owen Chase
Owen Chase (1798–1869) was an American whaling captain, first mate of the whaleship Essex when a sperm whale sank it in 1820, and author of its wreck narrative.
Owen O'Malley
Owen O'Malley is an American software engineer, first committer of Apache Hadoop (2006), architect of MapReduce, security and Hive, founder and technical fellow of Hortonworks (2011-2019), then technical fellow at Cloudera (2019-2020), and founding Vice President of Apache ORC.
Owens Corning
Owens Corning, formerly Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, is an American building products manufacturer founded in Toledo, Ohio, in 1938, known for pink fiberglass insulation and roofing shingles.
Owens-Illinois
Owens-Illinois, today O-I Glass, is an American glass container manufacturer formed in 1929 from the merger of Owens Bottle and the Illinois Glass Company, headquartered in Perrysburg, Ohio.
Owkin
Owkin is a French-American AI biotechnology company, founded in 2016 by Thomas Clozel and Gilles Wainrib, that applies machine learning to patient data for drug discovery and diagnostics.
ownCloud
ownCloud is an open-source file sync and share platform for self-hosted and enterprise cloud storage, announced in 2010 by Frank Karlitschek and developed since 2011 by the German company ownCloud GmbH, which Kiteworks acquired in 2023.
Ownership (Rust)
Ownership is Rust's compile-time rules for managing memory, where each value has exactly one owner and is freed when that owner goes out of scope, letting Rust guarantee memory safety without a garbage collector.
Ownership type
An ownership type is a type annotation recording which object or context owns an object, so a compiler can statically restrict how references to it are shared, with uses in concurrency and memory management.
OX/ZEO process
The OX/ZEO process, or oxide–zeolite process, is a bifunctional catalytic route that converts synthesis gas directly into hydrocarbons such as light olefins, developed by Xinhe Bao and Xiulian Wang.
Oxbotica
Oxbotica was a British autonomous vehicle software company founded in Oxford in 2014 as a University of Oxford spin-out, rebranded as Oxa in 2023 to focus on industrial self-driving software.
Oxea
Oxea, formerly OQ Chemicals, is a German chemical manufacturer of oxo intermediates and performance chemicals used in coatings, lubricants, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics, formed in 2007.
Oxford House
Oxford House is an arts and community center in Bethnal Green, London, founded in 1884 as a university settlement where Oxford graduates lived and worked among the poor of East London.