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Password cracking
Password cracking, also known as password recovery, is the recovery of passwords from stored credential data by computing candidates and comparing them against hashes taken from a breached database.
Password manager
A password manager, also called a password vault, is software that stores account credentials in an encrypted vault unlocked by a master password and generates strong passwords.
Password policy
A password policy is the set of rules an organization or service imposes on passwords: minimum length, allowed characters, rotation, reuse, storage, and screening against known-compromised values.
Password strength
Password strength, also known as password complexity or password security, measures how resistant a password is to guessing or cracking; length is the primary factor.
Passwords (Apple)
Passwords, also known as Apple Passwords, is Apple's free password manager app introduced in 2024, storing passwords, passkeys, and verification codes and syncing them via iCloud Keychain.
Pasteurization
Pasteurization is a heat treatment that destroys pathogens in food, most commonly milk and juice, developed by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s to preserve wine.
Pastoria Solar Project
The Pastoria Solar Project is a 105 MW solar power plant in Kern County, California, built by Calpine and completed in 2026 to help decarbonize the State Water Project by 2035.
Pat Gelsinger
Pat Gelsinger, also known as Patrick Paul Gelsinger, is an American technology executive and electrical engineer who was CEO of Intel from 2021 to 2024, previously leading VMware.
Pat Hanrahan
Pat Hanrahan, born 1955, is an American computer scientist at Stanford who was chief architect of Pixar's RenderMan, co-founded Tableau, and won the 2019 Turing Award.
Pat Holmes Sterbenz
Pat Holmes Sterbenz (born 1927) is an American mathematician whose 1974 Prentice-Hall book Floating-Point Computation first published Sterbenz's lemma, a key exactness result in floating-point arithmetic.
PAT Scheme
The Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme is India's market-based program for cutting energy use in energy-intensive industries, run by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency.
Patania II
Patania II is a 33.5-ton tracked deep-sea robot built by Global Sea Mineral Resources that collects polymetallic nodules, first operating in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in 2021.
Patch (computing)
A patch, or software patch, is a software component that directly modifies files or settings of another component without changing its version number, typically as an immediate fix.
Patch antenna
A patch antenna, also called a microstrip antenna, is a flat planar antenna made with standard printed circuit board processes and widely used in GPS receivers, mobile devices, and radar.
Patch Tuesday
Patch Tuesday, also called Update Tuesday or Patch Day, is the second Tuesday of each month, when Microsoft has released security updates for its products since October 2003.
Patek Philippe
Patek Philippe, also known as Patek Philippe SA, is a Geneva-based Swiss manufacturer of luxury mechanical watches, founded in 1839 and family-owned by the Stern family since 1932.
Patent box (Italy)
The Italian patent box was an optional tax regime, in force from 2015, that exempted part of company income from patents, trademarks, designs, and know-how.
Patent leather
Patent leather, also called Japanned leather, is leather with a glossy, mirror-like coating, historically varnish and now usually polyurethane, first made commercially in 1819 by Seth Boyden.
Patent war
A patent war is a prolonged contest where a foundational patent holder uses litigation and licensing to control a new technology market, like the Bell telephone wars of 1876 to 1893.
Patentee (locomotive)
The Patentee was a 2-2-2 steam locomotive type designed by Robert Stephenson and Company and patented in 1833 as an enlargement of the Planet design.
Paternoster lift
A paternoster lift, also called a paternoster elevator, is a passenger elevator with a chain of open, doorless cabins moving continuously in a loop so passengers step on and off without it stopping.
Paterson (Cape York) Telegraph Station
The Paterson Telegraph Station was the northernmost repeater station on Queensland's Cape York telegraph line, built in 1886–1887 where the submarine cable to Thursday Island came ashore.
Path (computing)
A path, also called a pathname or filepath, is a string that locates a file or directory in a hierarchical file system, with components separated by slashes or backslashes.
PATH (rail system)
PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson) is a rapid transit rail system operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, linking Manhattan with Newark, Jersey City, and Hoboken.
PATH (variable)
PATH is an environment variable on Unix and Unix-like operating systems holding a colon-separated list of directories that the shell searches, in order, for executable commands.
Path computation element
A path computation element (PCE) is an entity, such as a router component or dedicated server, that computes constrained network paths, defined by the IETF in RFC 4655 in 2006.
Path tracing
Path tracing is a Monte Carlo rendering algorithm, introduced by James Kajiya in 1986, that traces random light paths from the camera to produce physically based, photorealistic images.
Path-planning algorithm
A path-planning algorithm computes a collision-free route for a robot or agent from a start to a goal position. Main approaches include graph search such as A, sampling-based planners such as RRT, and potential fields.
Pathé Records
Pathé Records, also known as Pathé Frères Phonograph Company, is the recorded-sound business founded by the French Pathé brothers in 1896, a leader in the French phonograph industry.
Pathfinder Atomic Power Plant
The Pathfinder Atomic Power Plant was a prototype boiling water reactor near Sioux Falls, South Dakota, operated by Northern States Power from 1966 to 1967.