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Phaeton (carriage)
The phaeton was a light, open, four-wheeled, doorless carriage of the 18th and 19th centuries, named after the mythological Phaëton and built for owners to drive themselves.
Phalibois automata
Phalibois automata are mechanical figures made in Paris by the family firm founded by Jean Marie Phalibois, known for the Whistler automaton and electric shop-window advertising figures.
Phạm Tuân
Phạm Tuân is a Vietnamese pilot and cosmonaut who became the first Vietnamese and first Asian in space, flying to Salyut 6 aboard Soyuz 37 in July 1980.
Phantom Auto Inc.
Phantom Auto Inc. was a teleoperation company founded in Mountain View, California, in 2017, whose software let remote operators drive and monitor unmanned vehicles like forklifts.
Phantom haptic devices
Phantom haptic devices (originally PHANTOM, for Personal Haptic Interface Mechanism) are desktop force-feedback interfaces invented at MIT by Thomas Massie and Kenneth Salisbury in the early 1990s.
Phantom type
A phantom type is a type parameter that appears in a type's name but holds no runtime value, so the compiler can reject code that mixes up values like euros and dollars.
Pharo
Pharo is an open-source, reflective, dynamically typed object-oriented programming language and live programming environment in the Smalltalk tradition, forked from Squeak in 2008 and released under the MIT license.
Phase change material storage
Phase change material storage, one of three main classes of thermal energy storage, stores heat as latent heat while a medium melts or solidifies near its melting point.
Phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides
Phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides is the deliberate control of the crystal phase of layered 2D materials such as MoS₂ to tune their electronic, optical, and chemical properties.
Phase field model
A phase field model is a continuum simulation method that represents evolving microstructures, such as growing dendrites, by continuous order-parameter fields rather than explicitly tracked interfaces.
Phase inversion
Phase inversion is a membrane fabrication method that converts a homogeneous polymer solution from liquid to solid by controlled demixing, producing the porous separation membranes behind most commercial products.
Phase margin
Phase margin is the additional phase lag, in degrees, that a feedback loop can tolerate at its gain crossover frequency before becoming marginally stable, a classical stability margin.
Phase modulation
Phase modulation (PM) is a method of encoding a message signal on a carrier wave by varying the carrier's instantaneous phase, used in analog and digital systems.
Phase-change artificial neuron
A phase-change artificial neuron is a hardware neuron device using a phase-change material such as GST to emulate the spiking behavior of a biological neuron.
Phase-change material microcapsules
Phase-change material microcapsules, also called microencapsulated phase change materials (MePCM), are micron-sized capsules that seal a phase change material, typically paraffin wax, in a thin polymer or inorganic shell.
Phase-change material slurry
A phase-change material slurry (PCS) is a pumpable fluid with phase-change particles dispersed in a carrying liquid, storing latent heat and holding more energy than water.
Phase-change memory
Phase-change memory (PCM), also called PCRAM, is a non-volatile solid-state memory storing data in the reversible phase change of a chalcogenide alloy such as Ge₂Sb₂Te₅.
Phase-change metamaterial
A phase-change metamaterial is an artificial electromagnetic structure whose resonant properties are switched by a phase-change material, most often the chalcogenide alloy GST, making it tunable and programmable.
Phase-change photonic switch
A phase-change photonic switch is an optical switching device that uses a chalcogenide phase-change material, typically GST, toggled between amorphous and crystalline states that hold without power.
Phase-change photonics
Phase-change photonics is the field of optics that uses phase-change materials, notably GST, switched reversibly by short pulses between amorphous and crystalline states, enabling nonvolatile photonic memory and reconfigurable devices with zero static power.
Phase-field fracture model
The phase-field fracture model is a computational mechanics method that simulates crack initiation and propagation in solids by representing cracks with a continuous scalar damage field.
Phase-field simulation of additive manufacturing solidification
Phase-field simulation of additive manufacturing solidification uses thermodynamics-based diffuse-interface models to predict how grains, cells, and dendrites form as metal solidifies in laser powder bed fusion and similar processes.
Phase-locked loop
A phase-locked loop, or PLL, is a feedback control circuit that makes a voltage-controlled oscillator track the frequency and phase of a reference signal, first described in 1932.
Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs
The phase-out of incandescent light bulbs refers to government policies, starting with Australia in 2007 and followed by the EU, US, and Canada, that set efficiency standards.
Phase-shift keying
Phase-shift keying (PSK), also known as biphase modulation, is a digital modulation method that encodes binary data by shifting a carrier's phase while amplitude stays constant.
Phase-shift mask
A phase-shift mask (PSM) is a photomask for optical lithography that shifts light's phase so adjacent waves cancel, printing features smaller than the exposure wavelength.
Phase-shifting transformer
A phase-shifting transformer (PST) is a specialized transformer that controls active power flow in three-phase transmission networks by regulating the voltage angle, letting operators direct power along chosen paths instead of physics-decided ones.
Phased array
A phased array is a system of antennas or acoustic elements whose signals combine with controlled phase offsets to steer a beam electronically, without moving parts.
Phased array ultrasonic testing
Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) is a non-destructive testing method using multi-element probes pulsed with calculated time delays to steer and focus ultrasound, mainly for weld inspection.
Phasor data concentrator
A phasor data concentrator (PDC) is a device or software function in a power system that time-aligns synchrophasor data from multiple PMUs for control centers, defined by IEEE C37.247-2019.