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Technology and the built world

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Polk Power Station

Polk Power Station is a natural gas-fired power plant operated by Tampa Electric Company in Polk County, Florida, with over 1,400 MW across two units.

Pollaxe

The pollaxe, also spelled poleaxe, was a two-handed European staff weapon of the late 14th to 16th centuries with an axe blade, hammer, and top spike for defeating armor.

Pollen Robotics

Pollen Robotics is a French open-source robotics company based in Bordeaux, founded in 2016 by former Inria researchers and acquired by Hugging Face in 2025.

Polling (computer science)

Polling in computer science is a technique where software repeatedly reads a device's status register to determine when it is ready, trading CPU time for simplicity and low latency.

Pollution flashover

Pollution flashover is an unwanted electrical discharge across the surface of an outdoor insulator coated with conductive pollution, typically sea salt, industrial dust, or desert sand, and then dampened.

Polo neck

A polo neck, called a turtleneck in American English and a roll neck in much of Europe, is a garment with a tall, folded collar.

Polo Strategico Nazionale

Polo Strategico Nazionale (PSN) is an Italian high-reliability cloud infrastructure, owned by TIM, Leonardo, CDP Equity, and Sogei, hosting critical data and services of the Italian Public Administration since 2022.

Pololu

Pololu (Pololu Robotics & Electronics) is an American electronics manufacturer and online retailer founded in 2000 and headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada, serving education, maker, and professional engineering markets.

Polska Grupa Górnicza

Polska Grupa Górnicza (PGG, Polish Mining Group) is a Polish hard-coal mining company, the largest producer in Poland and the European Union with about 35,000 employees.

Polski Rejestr Statków

Polski Rejestr Statków (PRS, Polish Register of Shipping) is Poland's classification society, a State Treasury-owned joint-stock company seated in Gdańsk that surveys ships, publishes technical rules, and issues certificates.

Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo

Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo (PGNiG) was a Polish state-controlled oil and gas company that dominated Poland's gas sector from 1982 until its 2022 merger into PKN ORLEN.

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE) is the sole transmission system operator of Poland, wholly owned by the State Treasury, operating about 16,500 km of extra-high-voltage lines and cross-border interconnections.

Polvo Oil and Gas Field

The Polvo Oil and Gas Field is an offshore oil field in the Campos Basin, Brazil, about 100 kilometers east of Cabo Frio, producing since 2007.

Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide

Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, abbreviated PNIPAM or PNIPAAm, is a synthetic thermoresponsive polymer that dissolves below about 32 °C and phase-separates above it, making it the most studied smart polymer for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell sheet harvesting.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA, sold under trade names including Plexiglas, Perspex, and Lucite, is a transparent thermoplastic acrylic valued for optical clarity, weather resistance, and light weight, used in signage, car lamps, and bone cement.

Polyacetylene

Polyacetylene, formula (CH)x, is the simplest conjugated polymer, first polymerized in 1958; doped films conducted electricity, inspiring conducting polymers and the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) is a water-based polymer gel developed in Ukraine in the late 1980s as a permanent injectable soft tissue filler, used widely for breast augmentation.

PolyAI

PolyAI is a London-based enterprise conversational-AI company founded in 2017 as a University of Cambridge spinout, building voice agents that answer customer service calls for enterprises.

Polyalphaolefin

Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil made by oligomerizing alpha-olefins such as 1-decene, the only API Group IV base stock, used in high-performance automotive, industrial, and aviation lubricants.

Polyaluminium chloride

Polyaluminium chloride, also known as aluminum hydroxy chloride or basic aluminum chloride, is a coagulant used to clarify drinking water and treat wastewater, first industrialized in Japan in 1967.

Polyamide 56

Polyamide 56 (PA56) is a bio-based nylon made from 1,5-pentanediamine produced by fermenting biomass and from adipic acid, regarded as the best bio-based replacement for the petroleum-based workhorse PA66.

Polyaniline

Polyaniline (PANI), historically called aniline black, is a conducting organic polymer formed by linking aniline monomers; studied since 1834, its conducting emeraldine salt form is used in anticorrosive coatings, sensors, and energy-storage electrodes.

Polyanion cathode

A polyanion cathode is a battery positive-electrode material in which covalent polyanionic groups such as phosphates raise voltage but lower capacity, with olivine LiFePO₄ its commercial anchor.

Polyanionic sodium-ion cathode

A polyanionic sodium-ion cathode is a sodium-ion battery positive electrode built from tetrahedral anion units like phosphate or sulfate, one of three main cathode families.

Polybenzimidazole

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a heat-resistant synthetic polymer first synthesized by Carl Marvel in the late 1950s for the U.S. Air Force, known for firefighter turnout gear and fuel cell membranes.

Polybenzoxazine

Polybenzoxazine, also called PBZ, is a thermosetting phenolic resin formed by ring-opening polymerization of benzoxazine monomers, combining phenolic heat resistance and flame retardancy with epoxy-like strength, used in aerospace composites.

Polybius square

The Polybius square, or Polybius checkerboard, is a cipher representing each letter as a row-and-column digit pair in a 5×5 grid, described by Polybius around 150 BC for torch signaling.

PolyBot

PolyBot is a chain-type modular self-reconfigurable robot developed at Xerox PARC by Mark Yim, David Duff, and Kimon Roufas, which reconfigured between rolling loop, snake, and four-legged spider forms.

Polybutylene

Polybutylene, more precisely polybutene-1 (PB-1), is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polyolefin used for hot and cold water piping since the mid 1960s, though it vanished from North America after 1990s plumbing-failure litigation.

Polycab India

Polycab India Limited is an Indian manufacturer of wires, cables, and fast-moving electrical goods, headquartered in Mumbai and India's largest in the organized wires and cables market.