61,984 articles
Selective flotation
Selective flotation is a mineral processing method that separates valuable particles from waste gangue in an aerated slurry, using air bubbles that adhere only to water-repellent particles.
Selective harmonic elimination
Selective harmonic elimination (SHE), also called programmed PWM, is a technique for power converters whose precomputed switching angles eliminate chosen low-order harmonics, suiting high-power applications.
Selective laser melting
Selective laser melting (SLM), also called laser powder bed fusion, is a metal additive manufacturing process that builds fully dense parts layer by layer from a laser-melted powder bed.
Selective laser sintering
Selective laser sintering, also known as laser sintering, is an additive manufacturing process that builds parts from a powder bed with a laser; it was invented in the mid-1980s at the University of Texas at Austin.
Selective methanation
Selective methanation (SMET) is a catalytic process that removes trace carbon monoxide from hydrogen-rich reformate by converting it to methane, serving as the final purification step before fuel cells.
Selective non-catalytic reduction
Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) is a flue gas treatment that injects ammonia or urea into combustion exhaust, reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water without a catalyst.
Selective search
Selective search is a region proposal algorithm for object recognition, introduced by Uijlings and colleagues in 2013, that generates class-independent candidate locations by hierarchically merging image regions, later serving as the proposal engine of R-CNN.
Selective withdrawal
Selective withdrawal is the extraction of fluid from one chosen depth of a density-stratified body of fluid, most commonly water from a stratified reservoir through a multilevel outlet.
SELENE (Kaguya)
SELENE, nicknamed Kaguya, was a Japanese lunar orbiter mission by JAXA, launched in 2007 to study the Moon's origin and gravity field until its 2009 impact.
Selenium (software)
Selenium is an open-source umbrella project for automating web browsers, best known for its WebDriver API, started in 2004 at ThoughtWorks in Chicago by Jason Huggins.
Self-anchored suspension bridge
A self-anchored suspension bridge is a suspension bridge whose main cables anchor to the stiffening girder itself, eliminating massive ground anchorages and suiting spans of roughly 100–400 m.
Self-Ask
Self-Ask is a prompting method for large language models in which the model asks and answers its own follow-up sub-questions before giving the final answer.
Self-assembled monolayer hole transport layers (MeO-2PACz)
MeO-2PACz is a self-assembled monolayer molecule used as a dopant-free hole transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells, first reported in 2019 and now sold commercially.
Self-assembled monolayer hole-selective layer
A self-assembled monolayer hole-selective layer is a single-molecule-thick organic film, chemically anchored to a transparent electrode, that extracts holes in perovskite solar cells and has been standard since 2018.
Self-attention model
Self-attention is a neural network mechanism that computes each sequence element's representation by comparing it with every other element, capturing long-range dependencies without recurrence as the core of the Transformer.
Self-attention network
A self-attention network is a neural network architecture that lets every position in a sequence attend directly to every other position, the core computation of Transformer models in machine translation.
Self-balancing binary search tree
A self-balancing binary search tree, also called a balanced or height-balanced tree, uses rotations and balance rules such as those of AVL and red-black trees to keep operations logarithmic.
Self-coherent detection
Self-coherent detection is an optical receiver technique in which a carrier sent from the transmitter lets a simple photodiode recover both intensity and phase, without a local oscillator.
Self-consistency decoding
Self-consistency decoding is a training-free inference-time technique for large language models, introduced by Wang et al. at ICLR 2023, that samples many chain-of-thought reasoning paths and majority-votes their final answers.
Self-consolidating concrete
Self-consolidating concrete (SCC), also called self-compacting concrete, is highly flowable, nonsegregating concrete that fills formwork without vibration; it was developed in Japan in the late 1980s.
Self-consumption
Self-consumption is the direct use of electricity generated on a consumer's own premises, usually rooftop solar, and it raises profitability because retail prices exceed prices paid for exports.
Self-contained breathing apparatus
A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is a respirator whose air source is carried by the user, allowing work in dangerous atmospheres; firefighters are its most visible users.
Self-debugging
Self-debugging is a technique in which a large language model iteratively fixes its own generated programs using execution results, error messages, or code explanations as feedback.
Self-distillation
Self-distillation, also known as policy self-distillation, is a machine learning method in which a neural network imitates its own predictions, introduced as Born-Again Networks in 2018.
Self-driving car
A self-driving car, also called a driverless or autonomous car, is a road vehicle whose automated driving system performs the entire driving task without a human.
Self-driving laboratory
A self-driving laboratory, also called an autonomous laboratory, is a lab where robots run experiments and AI algorithms choose which experiment to test next, speeding up materials and molecule discovery.
Self-excited induction generator
A self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is an induction machine driven above synchronous speed that generates power using terminal capacitors and residual magnetism, without external excitation.
Self-folding
Self-folding is a fabrication and actuation method in which a flat sheet transforms autonomously into a three-dimensional structure, using active hinges triggered by heat, light, chemicals, or magnetic fields.
Self-healing anti-corrosion coatings
Self-healing anti-corrosion coatings are protective coatings for metals that autonomously repair damage or restore protective function, using stored healing agents or reversible bonds, for aerospace and marine applications.
Self-healing artificial muscle
A self-healing artificial muscle is a soft actuator, typically a dielectric elastomer, that recovers from puncture, fatigue, or electrical breakdown through material self-healing or electrical self-clearing, imitating natural muscle.