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Technology and the built world

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Signal (IPC)

A signal, known as a Unix or POSIX signal, is a software interrupt notifying a process of an asynchronous event, an IPC mechanism in UNIX-like systems.

Signal (software)

Signal, also known as Signal Private Messenger, is an encrypted messaging app run by the US nonprofit Signal Technology Foundation, founded in 2018 by Moxie Marlinspike and Brian Acton.

Signal AI

Signal AI (Signal Media Ltd.) is a London-based artificial intelligence company founded in 2013 by CEO David Benigson that sells AI-driven reputation and risk intelligence to large enterprises.

Signal averaging

Signal averaging is a signal processing technique that averages repeated measurements of a time-locked response so uncorrelated noise cancels, improving the signal-to-noise ratio in EEG, ECG, and spectroscopy.

Signal conditioning

Signal conditioning is the set of electronic techniques that convert a raw sensor output into an amplified, filtered, isolated, and linearized signal suited to measurement, processing, or digitization.

Signal Foundation

The Signal Foundation, formally the Signal Technology Foundation, is an American nonprofit founded in 2018 by Brian Acton and Moxie Marlinspike to support the Signal messaging app.

Signal generator

A signal generator, also known as a frequency generator or test oscillator, is electronic test equipment producing signals with controllable frequency, amplitude, and modulation for testing devices.

Signal modulation

Signal modulation is the variation of a carrier wave's amplitude, frequency, or phase so that it carries information, underlying AM and FM radio, broadcasting, and digital schemes like QAM.

Signal Peak (coal mine)

Signal Peak, formally Bull Mountains Mine No. 1, is Montana's only underground coal mine, located in the Bull Mountains near Roundup and exporting most of its coal to Asia.

Signal phase and timing (SPaT)

Signal phase and timing (SPaT) is a message type in the SAE J2735 V2X standard that broadcasts a traffic signal's current and upcoming states to connected vehicles.

Signal processing

Signal processing, also called signal theory, is a branch of electrical engineering and applied mathematics that analyzes, modifies, and synthesizes signals like sound, images, and radar returns.

Signal Protocol

The Signal Protocol, formerly known as the Axolotl protocol, is an open-source cryptographic specification providing end-to-end encryption, used by the Signal app, WhatsApp, and Google Messages.

Signal separation

Signal separation, also called blind source separation (BSS), is a family of signal processing methods that recover individual source signals from observed mixtures without knowing the mixing process.

Signal station

A signal station is a tower or building used to send messages to vessels or other stations using signals such as flags, fires, and lights.

Signal timing

Signal timing is the traffic engineering method of setting green, yellow, red, and all-red intervals, cycle length, green splits, and offsets between adjacent intersections to control vehicle and pedestrian flow.

Signal Transfer Point

A signal transfer point (STP) is a packet switch in an SS7 common-channel signaling network that routes call setup and database query messages, with voice traffic not passing through it.

Signal-flow graph

A signal-flow graph is a directed graph representing linear algebraic equations, introduced by Samuel J. Mason at MIT in 1953 and used in control systems.

Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio balancing

Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) balancing is an optimization approach in wireless communications that adjusts transmit powers and beamforming vectors so the worst-served user's SINR is maximized under power constraints.

Signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio

The signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) is a performance metric for designing transmit beamforming and precoding in multi-user MIMO wireless systems, where it serves as an alternative to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

Signalling Connection Control Part

The Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP) is a protocol layer of Signalling System No. 7 (SS7), providing connectionless and connection-oriented services above the Message Transfer Part.

Signalling System No. 6

Signalling System No. 6 (SS6) is a CCITT common-channel signaling system carrying call signals over shared links; it entered international service in 1978 between the United States, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Signalling System No. 7

Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of common-channel signaling protocols, standardized by the CCITT in 1980, that telephone exchanges use to set up and manage calls.

SignalWire

SignalWire is an American cloud communications company founded in 2017 in Palo Alto by the developers of FreeSWITCH, offering programmable voice, video, messaging, and AI agents.

Signature scheme

A signature scheme is a cryptographic method of three algorithms, key generation, signing, and verification, giving authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation; RSA was the first practical scheme, published in 1978.

Signature verification

Signature verification is the process of deciding whether a signature is genuine or forged, done by forensic document examiners and by automated biometric systems used in banking.

Signavio

Signavio is a Berlin-based business process management and process mining software vendor, owned by SAP since 2021 and sold as the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite.

Signcryption

Signcryption is a public-key cryptographic method that performs digital signature and encryption in a single logical step, introduced by Yuliang Zheng in 1997 and cheaper than signing and encrypting separately.

Signetics

Signetics was an American semiconductor company founded in 1961 in Mountain View, California, the first company established to design integrated circuits and the original producer of the 555 timer.

Signify (company)

Signify, known as Philips Lighting until May 2018, is a Dutch lighting company headquartered in Eindhoven, the world's largest lighting maker, whose brands include Philips Hue and WiZ.

Signoff (EDA)

Signoff in electronic design automation is the final verification stage of a chip design flow, checking timing, power, and physical rules against foundry requirements before tapeout.