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Speech-native and audio-language modeling
Speech-native and audio-language modeling covers methods that let large language models take audio in and output audio in one network, as in AudioPaLM, SpeechGPT, and Moshi.
Speech-to-speech translation
Speech-to-speech translation translates spoken utterances into another language so speakers can converse, through cascades of recognition, translation, and synthesis, or direct models like Translatotron, first shown in 2019.
Speed and separation monitoring
Speed and separation monitoring is a collaborative robot safety method, defined in ISO/TS 15066:2016, that maintains a protective separation distance and slows or stops the robot when a human approaches.
Speed bump
A speed bump, also called a sleeping policeman, is a raised ridge across a road that forces vehicles to slow down, typically used in parking lots.
Speed camera
A speed camera is an automated traffic enforcement device that photographs the license plate of a speeding vehicle, and the owner or driver is sent a ticket.
Speed dial
Speed dial is a telephone feature that calls a stored number by pressing one or two digits or a dedicated button instead of dialing it fully.
Speed harmonization
Speed harmonization is an active traffic management strategy that gradually lowers and coordinates vehicle speeds upstream of congested freeway bottlenecks, reducing stop-and-go traffic and delaying flow breakdown.
Speed hump
A speed hump, also called a road hump, is a raised, gently curved pavement area on residential streets that forces drivers to slow to about 15 to 20 mph.
Speed Index (web performance)
Speed Index is a web performance metric that measures how quickly a page's contents are visibly populated during load, expressed in milliseconds, with lower scores better.
Speed limit
A speed limit is a legal maximum, and sometimes a minimum, for vehicle speed on a road, set by a government and enforced through traffic law.
Speed limiter
A speed limiter is a device or software function that prevents a vehicle from exceeding a preset maximum speed, typically by restricting fuel supply to the engine.
Speed limits by country
Speed limits by country compares legal maximum road speeds worldwide: typical urban defaults of 50 km/h, motorway limits of 120 to 130 km/h, and Germany's Autobahn with no general limit.
Speed limits in Germany
Speed limits in Germany, set by road type and signs, are 50 km/h in built-up areas and 100 km/h rural, while autobahns carry only an advisory 130 km/h.
Speed limits in the United States
Speed limits in the United States are maximum vehicle speeds set by individual states through state law or engineering studies, including Texas's 85 mph maximum.
Speed standardization at 78 rpm
Speed standardization at 78 rpm is the convergence of early record speeds on 78 rpm, set at 77.92 rpm on 50 Hz and 78.26 rpm on 60 Hz supplies.
Speed table
A speed table is a flat-topped raised area across a roadway, a traffic calming device that reduces speeds by 4 to 11 mph and can be striped as a raised crosswalk.
Speed Up (motorcycle manufacturer)
Speed Up is an Italian racing motorcycle constructor founded in 2010 by former grand prix rider Luca Boscoscuro to build Moto2 chassis, rebranded Boscoscuro in 2021.
Speeded-up robust features
Speeded-up robust features (SURF) is a scale- and rotation-invariant local feature detector and descriptor that matches interest points across images, introduced in 2006 as a faster alternative to SIFT.
Speeding
Speeding is driving a motor vehicle faster than the posted speed limit or too fast for road, weather, or traffic conditions, and it contributes to roughly one third of fatal road crashes.
Speedometer
A speedometer, also called a velocimetre, is the vehicle instrument that indicates speed in km/h or mph, commonly paired with an odometer; it was the first automotive instrument, patented by Otto Schulze in 1902.
Speeds and feeds
Speeds and feeds are the two principal cutting variables set when programming a machining operation such as milling or turning, directly affecting cutting time, tool life, and surface finish.
Speedtest.net
Speedtest.net, also known as Speedtest by Ookla, is a web service launched in 2006 that measures Internet download speed, upload speed, and ping against servers worldwide.
Spektr-RG
Spektr-RG (Спектр-РГ), also written Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma or SRG, is a Russian-German X-ray observatory launched in 2019 that carries the eROSITA and ART-XC telescopes and surveys the sky from the Sun-Earth L2 point.
Spektrum RC
Spektrum RC is a Horizon Hobby brand of 2.4GHz radio equipment for model aircraft, helicopters, and surface vehicles, which introduced DSM spread-spectrum technology in 2004.
SPEL (robot language)
SPEL, formally SPEL+, is the proprietary structured programming language Seiko Epson supplies for its industrial SCARA and 6-axis robots, executed through the Epson RC+ development environment.
Spell checker
A spell checker is software that identifies misspelled words and suggests corrections, found in word processors, browsers, and search engines since Ralph Gorin's 1971 SPELL program.
Spelling alphabet
A spelling alphabet, also called a radiotelephony or phonetic alphabet, is a fixed set of code words, one per letter, used to spell words clearly over radio and telephone.
Spelling correction
Spelling correction is the automatic detection of misspelled words in text and selection of a replacement, a natural language processing task dating to the early 1960s.
Spencer 1882
The Spencer 1882 is a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun designed by Christopher Spencer and Sylvester Roper, patented in 1882 and recognized as the first commercially successful, mass-produced pump-action shotgun.
Spencer H. Bush
Spencer H. Bush (1920–2005) was an American nuclear metallurgist at the Hanford Site who shaped ASME Section XI reactor inspection rules and joined the National Academy of Engineering in 1970.