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Starter-generator
A starter-generator is a single electromechanical machine that first cranks an engine as a motor, then switches to generating electrical power, standard on aircraft gas turbines and used in hybrid automobiles.
Starting fluid
Starting fluid, also called starter fluid, is a volatile aerosol spray based on diethyl ether that is sprayed into an engine's air intake to help it start in cold weather.
Startorus Fusion (星环聚能)
Startorus Fusion (星环聚能) is a Chinese private fusion energy startup founded in 2021 as a Tsinghua University spin-off in Xi'an, developing compact spherical tokamaks heated by magnetic reconnection.
StarTree (company)
StarTree, Inc. is an American data-analytics company founded in 2019 in Mountain View, California, offering StarTree Cloud, a managed database service built on Apache Pinot.
Starved Rock Lock and Dam
Starved Rock Lock and Dam is a lock and gated dam on the Illinois River near Utica, Illinois, opened in 1933 as part of the Illinois Waterway.
State Airports Authority (Turkey)
The State Airports Authority (Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi, DHMI) is Türkiye's state-owned enterprise that operates 50 state airports and provides all civil air traffic services.
State Aviation Service of Ukraine
The State Aviation Service of Ukraine, also known as the State Aviation Administration of Ukraine, is the country's civil aviation authority, created in 2010 and still overseeing aviation safety despite the wartime airspace closure.
State Corporation Commission (Virginia)
The State Corporation Commission (SCC) is an independent Virginia regulatory agency, created in 1902, that regulates utilities, insurance, banks, securities, and railroads and files corporate charters.
State distillation (quantum computing)
State distillation is a quantum computing protocol that converts many noisy quantum states into fewer, higher-fidelity copies, enabling the non-Clifford gates required for universal fault-tolerant computation.
State Grid Corporation of China (国家电网公司)
State Grid Corporation of China (国家电网公司) is the state-owned enterprise that builds and operates most of China's electric power grid. Founded in 2002, it serves over 1.1 billion people across 26 provinces.
State Grid Xinyuan
State Grid Xinyuan Holdings Co. (国网新源) is a Beijing company, founded in 2005, that operates pumped-storage hydropower stations and is the world's largest pumped-storage operator.
State Hydraulic Works (Turkey)
State Hydraulic Works (Devlet Su İşleri, DSİ) is the Turkish state agency managing water resources, headquartered in Ankara and established in 1953, best known for building dams.
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology (SKLICT) is a Chinese national industrial control research laboratory at Zhejiang University, opened in 1995 and reorganized in 2022.
State machine replication
State machine replication (SMR) is a technique for building fault-tolerant distributed services, in which replicas of a deterministic state machine execute client commands in the same order via consensus.
State observers for nonlinear systems
State observers for nonlinear systems are algorithms that estimate a system's unmeasured internal variables in real time from measured inputs, outputs, and a model of the dynamics.
State of charge
State of charge (SoC) is the fraction of a battery's capacity currently available, expressed as a percentage; since it cannot be measured directly, battery management systems estimate it.
State of health
State of health (SOH) measures a rechargeable battery's general condition against its initial state; a new battery is 100%, and 80% is commonly considered end of life.
State of the art
State of the art (SOTA) is the highest level of development or technology available in a field at a given time, a phrase that originated in engineering.
State of the Digital Decade
The State of the Digital Decade is the European Commission's annual report measuring the EU's progress toward its 2030 digital targets in skills, infrastructure, business, and public services.
State of the Map
State of the Map (SotM) is the annual international conference of OpenStreetMap, organized by the OpenStreetMap Foundation and held every year since 2007 except 2015 and 2023.
State pattern
The State pattern is a behavioral design pattern in which an object changes its behavior when its internal state changes, replacing bulky conditionals with one class per state.
State Post Bureau
The State Post Bureau (国家邮政局) is China's postal regulatory authority, a sub-ministry-level bureau under the Ministry of Transport that supervises the postal market and express delivery.
State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖) is China's highest scientific honor, created in 2000 and conferred by the President on at most two citizens per award.
State Science and Technology Progress Award
The State Science and Technology Progress Award (国家科学技术进步奖) is one of China's five State Science and Technology Awards, honoring outstanding application and dissemination of research results, with First, Second, and Special Prizes.
State space representation (GNSS augmentation)
State space representation (SSR) is a GNSS augmentation method that broadcasts individual error states, such as satellite orbit, clock, and atmospheric delays, separately for receivers to apply, underlying PPP and PPP-RTK.
State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety
The State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety (Gosavianadzor) was the Soviet Union's independent aviation safety and accident investigation agency, established in 1987 under the Council of Ministers.
State-space search
State-space search is a family of algorithms in artificial intelligence that explore a problem's possible states to find a path from an initial state to a goal state.
Stateful firewall
A stateful firewall, also called a stateful inspection or SPI firewall, is a network firewall that filters traffic using a state table it maintains about each connection.
Stateful stream processing
Stateful stream processing: continuous computation over unbounded data streams where operators maintain mutable state (windows, joins, aggregates). Key mechanisms are checkpointing, exactly-once recovery, LSM-tree or decoupled state backends, and transactional guarantees in systems like Flink and Kafka Streams.
Stateless protocol
A stateless protocol is a communications protocol in which each request is handled independently, with no session information retained by the receiver between requests. HTTP is the defining example.