61,984 articles
Chemical oxygen generator
A chemical oxygen generator, often called an oxygen candle, makes breathing oxygen by thermally decomposing solid sodium chlorate; it supplies airliner passenger masks and is used in submarines, spacecraft, and mines.
Chemical reaction optimization
Chemical reaction optimization is a population-based metaheuristic that mimics molecular reactions, introduced by Albert Lam and Victor Li at the University of Hong Kong in 2009.
Chemical recycling
Chemical recycling, also called advanced or molecular recycling, uses heat and chemical reactions to break used plastics down into monomers, feedstocks, or fuels for remaking into new products.
Chemical recycling of PET
Chemical recycling of PET is the set of processes, including hydrolysis, methanolysis, and glycolysis, that break PET polymer chains into monomers for repolymerization into virgin-quality plastic.
Chemical recycling of polyethylene
Chemical recycling of polyethylene converts PE waste into hydrocarbon mixtures such as olefins and pyrolysis oils that serve as feedstock for new plastics or fuels, mostly by pyrolysis above 450 °C.
Chemical tanker
A chemical tanker is a ship designed to carry liquid chemicals, edible oils, and petroleum products in bulk in many small, independently served cargo tanks.
Chemical vapor deposition
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a thin-film fabrication process in which gaseous precursors react on a heated substrate, depositing solid films for semiconductors, protective coatings, and graphene synthesis.
Chemical vapor deposition of 2D semiconductors
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of 2D semiconductors grows atomically thin films like MoS2 and WSe2 on heated substrates, the most promising route to large-area layers for future transistors.
Chemical vapor deposition of graphene
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene grows atom-thin graphene films by reacting carbon gases on a hot metal catalyst, typically copper, at 900 to 1100 °C.
Chemical vapor deposition of transition metal dichalcogenides
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of transition metal dichalcogenides grows atomic-layer semiconductors like MoS₂ and WSe₂ directly on substrates as large-area monolayer films for 2D electronics.
Chemical vapor infiltration
Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) is a deposition method in which gases infiltrate a porous fiber preform and deposit a matrix, making ceramic composites such as carbon/carbon and SiC.
Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare, also known as gas warfare, is the use of toxic chemicals delivered by munitions to kill or incapacitate people in war, first used on a large scale in 1915 at Ypres.
Chemical warfare agent decontamination
Chemical warfare agent decontamination is the removal or chemical destruction of warfare agents such as nerve agents and blister agents from people, equipment, and terrain.
Chemical weapon
Chemical weapons, also called chemical warfare agents, are toxic chemicals or precursors with delivery munitions, first used on a large scale at Ypres, Belgium, in 1915.
Chemical weapons in World War I
Chemical weapons in World War I, first used at Ypres in 1915, were poison gases like chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas that caused over 1.3 million casualties.
Chemical-mechanical planarization
Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP), also called chemical mechanical polishing, is a semiconductor manufacturing process that flattens entire wafer surfaces by combining chemical etching with mechanical abrasion from a slurry and polishing pad.
CheMin
CheMin, short for Chemistry and Mineralogy, is a powder X-ray diffraction instrument inside NASA's Curiosity rover and the first X-ray diffractometer sent to another planet.
ChemOS
ChemOS is an orchestration software package for self-driving laboratories, coordinating robotic hardware, instruments, databases, and AI algorithms; developed in Alán Aspuru-Guzik's group and described in 2020.
Chemours
Chemours is an American chemistry company in Wilmington, Delaware, spun off from DuPont in 2015. It makes titanium dioxide pigment, refrigerants, and fluoropolymers like Teflon.
Chemprop
Chemprop is an open-source Python package, built on PyTorch, for predicting molecule and reaction properties from structure with directed message-passing neural networks, known for helping discover the antibiotic candidate halicin.
Chemputer
The Chemputer is a modular robotic chemical synthesis platform developed by Leroy Cronin's group at the University of Glasgow, which executes digitized synthetic procedures as automated physical operations, first demonstrated in 2019.
ChemSpider
ChemSpider is a free online chemical structure database owned by the Royal Society of Chemistry since 2009, holding over 120 million structures from hundreds of data sources.
Chen Change Loy
Chen Change Loy is a Singapore-based computer-vision researcher, Tan Lip-Bu Professor at Nanyang Technological University, known for deep-learning image restoration methods including SRCNN, ESRGAN, and CodeFormer.
Chen-Ching Liu
Chen-Ching Liu is an American Electric Power Professor at Virginia Tech, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2020 for power restoration and grid cyber security research.
Chen-To Tai
Chen-To Tai (1915–2004) was a Chinese-born American electrical engineer and University of Michigan professor elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for contributions to electromagnetic theory and antenna design.
Chenab Rail Bridge
The Chenab Rail Bridge is a steel arch railway bridge over the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, India, the world's highest railway bridge at 359 m.
Cheng Gong
Cheng Gong (龚成) is a materials scientist and associate professor at the University of Maryland, first author of the 2017 Nature paper reporting the first magnetic order in an atomically thin material.
Cheng Sun
Cheng Sun is an American materials scientist and Clemson University professor who develops structural materials for fission and fusion reactors and received the 2025 PECASE award.
Chengdao Oil Field
Chengdao Oil Field (埕岛) is an offshore oil field in the extra-shallow waters of southern Bohai Bay, Shandong, China, operated by Sinopec's Shengli Oilfield and discovered in 1988.
Chengde Mao
Chengde Mao is a chemist and professor at Purdue University whose research centers on DNA nanotechnology, including self-assembling DNA nanostructures, DNA machines, and algorithmic self-assembly that performs computation.