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Commission of sewers
A commission of sewers was an English local body, first recorded in 1258, that supervised drainage and sea defenses and levied rates on benefiting landholders.
Commissioning ceremony
A commissioning ceremony is the naval ceremony formally placing a warship in commission, when the commissioning pennant is broken at the masthead and the ship enters active service.
Commitment scheme
A commitment scheme is a two-phase cryptographic protocol that lets one party lock in a hidden value and later reveal it verifiably, guaranteeing hiding and binding.
Commode
A commode is a low chest of drawers first made in France in the late 17th century, later also a chamber-pot chair and a modern bedside toilet.
Commodore 1541
The Commodore 1541, also sold in Germany as the VC-1541, is a 5.25-inch floppy disk drive released in 1982 as the standard storage device for the Commodore 64.
Commodore 64
The Commodore 64, or C64, is an 8-bit home computer released by Commodore International in August 1982 at $595 and made until 1994, recognized as the best-selling desktop computer model of all time.
Commodore Barry Bridge
The Commodore Barry Bridge is a steel cantilever truss bridge carrying U.S. Route 322 across the Delaware River between Chester, Pennsylvania, and Bridgeport, New Jersey, opened in 1974.
Commodore International
Commodore International, also Commodore Electronics, was an electronics company founded by Jack Tramiel, best known for the Commodore 64 and Amiga computers; it liquidated in 1994.
Commodore PET
The Commodore PET, also called the PET computer, was a personal computer introduced by Commodore in 1977, among the first ready-to-run home computers alongside the Apple II.
Commodore Plus/4
The Commodore Plus/4 is an 8-bit home computer released by Commodore in June 1984 at $299, named for its built-in ROM office suite of four programs.
Common cause failure
A common cause failure (CCF) is when two or more components fail together from a shared cause, defeating redundancy; it is central to nuclear plant risk assessment.
Common Channel Signaling
Common channel signaling (CCS) is a telephone signaling method in which one channel carries labeled signaling messages for many circuits; its dominant implementation, SS7, was standardized in 1980.
Common collector
The common collector, or emitter follower, is a transistor amplifier with near-unity voltage gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance, used as a buffer.
Common Corpus
Common Corpus is a largely public-domain text corpus for large language model pretraining, released on Hugging Face by the AI company Pleias in November 2024.
Common Crawl
Common Crawl is a US nonprofit, founded by Gil Elbaz, that publishes free monthly crawls of billions of web pages, the raw source of most open LLM training corpora.
Common Criteria
The Common Criteria (CC) is an international standard, published as ISO/IEC 15408, defining requirements for the security functionality of IT products and their independent evaluation.
Common data environment
A common data environment (CDE) is an access-controlled platform, and its workflow, that stores a construction project's models, drawings, and documents so every team works from one source of truth.
Common Desktop Environment
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a graphical desktop environment for UNIX systems, jointly developed by major UNIX vendors in 1993 and released as open-source software in 2012.
Common emitter
The common emitter amplifier is a single-stage bipolar junction transistor configuration with input at the base and output at the collector, inverting and amplifying the signal.
Common ethanol fuel mixtures
Common ethanol fuel mixtures, also called gasahol, are ethanol-gasoline blends named by ethanol percentage: E10 for any conventional vehicle, E15 for 2001 and newer vehicles, and E85 for flexible fuel vehicles.
Common Gateway Interface
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard interface that lets an HTTP server run external programs and return their output to the client, developed at NCSA in 1993.
Common Industrial Protocol
The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is an application-layer protocol for industrial automation, developed by ODVA. Its object-oriented model runs across EtherNet/IP, DeviceNet, ControlNet, and CompoNet.
Common Information Model (computing)
The Common Information Model (CIM) is an open standard from the DMTF that describes managed IT elements as classes, letting different vendors' management software interoperate.
Common Interface
The Common Interface, or DVB-CI, is a DVB-standard slot that connects a removable conditional access module to a TV or set-top box to descramble pay-TV channels, published in 1997.
Common Language Infrastructure
The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open standard, ECMA-335, specifying executable code and a runtime so programs in different languages run without rewriting; it underlies Microsoft's .NET and Mono.
Common Language Runtime
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET platform that executes managed code, providing memory management, type safety enforcement, and security during execution.
Common Lisp
Common Lisp, a standardized dialect of the Lisp programming language, was defined by ANSI standard X3.226-1994 in 1994 and features an integrated object system, macros, and a condition system.
Common Logic
Common Logic, standardized as ISO/IEC 24707, is a family of logic-based languages for representing and exchanging information among disparate computer systems, with dialects including CLIF, CGIF, and XCL.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a middleware standard defined by the Object Management Group in 1991, letting clients invoke objects across machines and languages.
Common Objects in Context
Common Objects in Context (COCO) is a large-scale image dataset for object detection, segmentation, and captioning, introduced by Microsoft Research and university researchers in 2014.