Technology and the built world

Concurrency (computer science)

Concurrency in computer science is the composition of a system from multiple tasks that may be in progress during the same period, underpinning operating systems and databases.

Concurrent computing

Concurrent computing, also called concurrent programming, is a branch of computer science in which multiple computations advance independently and interleave rather than run in a fixed order.

Concurrent engineering is a product development method in which design, manufacturing, quality, and support functions run simultaneously through cross-functional teams, reducing development time and cost compared with sequential handoffs.

Concurrent Pascal

Concurrent Pascal is a programming language created by Per Brinch Hansen at Caltech in 1975, extending Pascal with processes, monitors, and classes for operating systems.

Concurrent Versions System

The Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a free, client-server version control system, created by Dick Grune in 1986, that dominated open-source development until about 2005.

conda

Conda is an open-source, cross-platform package, dependency, and environment manager for any language, not only Python. It installs software from channels into isolated environments without administrator privileges.

Condabri Gas Field

The Condabri Gas Field is a coal seam gas field in the Surat Basin of southeast Queensland, Australia, and a principal producing field of the Australia Pacific LNG project.

Condenser (heat transfer)

A condenser is a heat exchanger in which a vapor releases latent heat and condenses to liquid, used in refrigeration, power plants, and chemical processing.

Condensing steam locomotive

A condensing steam locomotive, or condenser locomotive, reuses its water by condensing exhaust steam instead of venting it, extending range where boiler water was scarce.

Condensing unit

A condensing unit is a packaged assembly of a compressor, condenser coil, and fan that condenses refrigerant vapor back to liquid, serving as the outdoor part of a split air conditioner.

Condensing water heater

A condensing water heater is a gas- or oil-fired water heater that recovers heat from its own exhaust by condensing water vapor, making it the most efficient combustion type.

Condit Dam removal

Condit removal was the deliberate breaching of the Condit Hydroelectric Project, a 125-foot concrete gravity dam on the White Salmon River, occurring in Washington on October 26, 2011.

Condit Hydroelectric Project

The Condit Hydroelectric Project was a 14-megawatt PacifiCorp dam on the White Salmon River in Washington State, operating from 1913 until its removal in 2012.

Condition monitoring of robot drives

Condition monitoring of robot drives is the measurement of vibration, motor current, and temperature from robot motors and gearboxes to detect developing faults before they cause downtime.

Conditional (computer programming)

A conditional in computer programming is a construct that runs one of several statements depending on whether a Boolean condition is true, most often an if statement.

Conditional diffusion model

A conditional diffusion model is a generative model that reverses a noising process to produce samples matching conditions such as a text prompt, class label, or image.

Conditional generative adversarial network

A conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) is a GAN trained to generate data controlled by an auxiliary input such as a class label, introduced by Mirza and Osindero in 2014.

Conditional random field

A conditional random field (CRF) is a probabilistic graphical model for structured prediction, introduced in 2001, that predicts whole label sequences and avoids the label bias problem.

Condor (airline)

Condor, legally Condor Flugdienst GmbH, is a German leisure airline based at Frankfurt Airport. Founded in 1955, it flies over nine million passengers a year to around 90 destinations.

Conducting polymer actuator

A conducting polymer actuator is a soft actuator made from polymers such as polypyrrole that changes shape as ions move at 1–3 volts, studied as artificial muscles for biomedical devices and microrobots.

Oct 22, 2026

Conducting polymer thermoelectrics

Conducting polymer thermoelectrics are doped conjugated polymers, such as PEDOT and polyaniline, used to interconvert heat and electricity in flexible devices, investigated for harvesting low-grade body heat in self-powered wearables.

Oct 22, 2026

Conductive hydrogel

A conductive hydrogel is a water-rich, three-dimensional polymer network that conducts electricity and is used mainly in wearable sensors, bioelectrodes, tissue engineering, and energy storage.

Conductive polymer

A conductive polymer, also called a conducting polymer, is an organic plastic that conducts electricity, discovered in 1977 and honored with the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Conductor cover-up

Conductor cover-up is temporary insulating equipment, such as rubber line hose, blankets, and hoods, that utility line workers place over energized conductors to prevent accidental contact during live-line maintenance.

Conductor icing

Conductor icing is the buildup of atmospheric ice on overhead power line conductors, a major weather-related threat to power grids that adds load and can cause line failures.

Conduite accompagnée

Conduite accompagnée, formally apprentissage anticipé de la conduite, is a French scheme letting teenagers start supervised driving at 15 and take the driving test at 17.

Cone calorimeter

The cone calorimeter is a bench-scale fire testing instrument that measures how materials ignite and burn, computing heat release rate from oxygen consumption; it was introduced by NIST in 1982.

Cone crusher

A cone crusher is a compression-type crushing machine that reduces rock and ore between a gyrating mantle and a fixed bowl liner, used in secondary and tertiary crushing.

Cone penetration test

The cone penetration test (CPT) is an in-situ geotechnical method that pushes an instrumented steel cone into the ground to measure soil resistance and profile stratigraphy.