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Contract Net Protocol
The Contract Net Protocol (CNP) is a task-sharing protocol for multi-agent systems, introduced by Reid G. Smith in 1980, in which nodes bid on announced tasks.
Contract testing
Contract testing is a software testing technique that verifies messages between two applications against a shared contract, with each side tested in isolation rather than together.
Contracts for Difference (United Kingdom)
Contracts for Difference are the United Kingdom's main support scheme for low-carbon electricity generators, stabilizing their revenue at a fixed strike price through auctions held since 2014.
CONTRAN
CONTRAN (Conselho Nacional de Trânsito, National Traffic Council) is Brazil's highest normative traffic body, created in 1967, which regulates the Brazilian Traffic Code through binding resolutions.
Contrast seeker
A contrast seeker is an electro-optical guidance device that homes on a target by locking onto its brightness contrast with the background, first used in the 1972 AGM-65 Maverick.
Contrastive clustering
Contrastive clustering is an unsupervised deep learning method, introduced by Yunfan Li and colleagues in 2020, that learns representations and cluster assignments jointly by contrasting augmented views of the same instance and cluster.
Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP)
Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) is a training method, introduced by Microsoft in 2022, that aligns audio and text in a shared embedding space for zero-shot audio classification and retrieval.
Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP method)
Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) is a training method introduced by OpenAI in 2021 that trains image and text encoders so each image matches its own caption, enabling zero-shot classification.
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) is a method introduced by OpenAI in January 2021 that jointly trains image and text encoders, letting models classify images into categories described in natural language.
Contrastive learning
Contrastive learning is a machine learning approach that pulls representations of similar samples together and pushes dissimilar ones apart, without requiring labels, producing encoders that transfer to downstream tasks.
Contrastive search
Contrastive search is a deterministic decoding method for language models that picks each token from the top-k candidates, balancing model confidence against a similarity penalty.
Contributor License Agreement
A Contributor License Agreement (CLA) is a legal document in which a software contributor grants a project broad rights to use and distribute the contribution, while keeping copyright ownership.
Contributory infringement of software patents
Contributory infringement of software patents is a form of secondary US patent liability, under 35 U.S.C. § 271(c), for supplying a component with no substantial noninfringing use.
Control barrier functions
Control barrier functions are scalar functions of a system's state that guarantee, through a condition on the control input, that a closed-loop system stays within a safe region.
Control character
A control character, also called a non-printing character or control code, directs equipment rather than displaying text, occupying fixed positions in codes like ASCII and Unicode.
Control co-design
Control co-design is an engineering methodology that optimizes a system's physical plant and its controller together, instead of designing the plant first and tuning a controller afterward.
Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was an American computer company founded in Minneapolis in 1957, known for powerful scientific computers like the CDC 6600, the world's fastest from 1964 to 1969.
Control dependence
Control dependence is a program analysis relation in which one statement, typically a conditional, decides whether another executes; it was formalized by Ferrante, Ottenstein, and Warren in 1987.
Control engineering
Control engineering, also called control systems engineering, is the engineering discipline that uses feedback to hold variables at prescribed values, spanning PID controllers, process industries, and spacecraft.
Control flow
Control flow is the ordered execution of program statements and calls, distinct from data flow. It can be represented explicitly as a graph analyzed by compilers.
Control key
The Control key (Ctrl key, Strg key) is a keyboard modifier key that changes the meaning of another key while held, converting letters into ASCII control characters.
Control line
Control line is a method of flying model aircraft tethered to the pilot by two wires, flying in a circle with wrist movement controlling pitch.
Control Lyapunov functions
A control Lyapunov function (CLF) is a positive definite function of a system's state that a control input can push downhill, certifying the system can be stabilized to an equilibrium.
Control moment gyroscope
A control moment gyroscope (CMG) is a spacecraft attitude-control actuator that steers a constant-speed rotor's momentum with gimbals, giving large torque without propellant, flown on Skylab and the ISS.
Control Panel (Windows)
Control Panel is a Microsoft Windows component, first introduced in 1985, that gathers applets for adjusting settings such as display, sound, network, and user accounts.
Control Pilot
The Control Pilot (CP) is the signaling circuit between an electric vehicle and its charging station, whose duty cycle tells the vehicle the maximum AC charging current available.
Control plan (quality)
A control plan (CP) is a written quality document specifying how each manufacturing process step is measured and controlled, required by IATF 16949 in the automotive industry.
Control plane
The control plane is the part of a network or system that decides how traffic and resources are handled, maintaining the routing tables the data plane follows.
Control system
A control system is the combination of algorithms and feedback that keeps an engineered system operating as intended, spanning PLCs, DCSs, SCADA, fly-by-wire aircraft, and electronic amplifiers.
Control theory
Control theory is the branch of applied mathematics and engineering that studies how to choose a system's inputs so it stays stable and performs as desired.