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Decision-focused learning
Decision-focused learning (DFL) is a machine learning approach that trains a predictive model end-to-end so its predictions lead to good decisions in a downstream optimization problem.
Deck (building)
A deck, also called timber decking, is an outdoor platform attached to a house or free-standing, built on beams and joists and surfaced with decking boards.
Deck (ship)
A deck is a horizontal structure in a ship that serves as a floor, with many decks stacked one above another and named for their position or function.
Deck arch bridge
A deck arch bridge is an arch bridge whose roadway lies completely above the arch, carried on masonry fill or spandrel columns, as in closed- and open-spandrel forms.
Deck department
The deck department is the shipboard division of a merchant vessel responsible for navigation, cargo handling, security, and maintenance, headed by the Master, who holds overall command.
Deckers Brands
Deckers Brands, formally Deckers Outdoor Corporation, is an American footwear company founded in 1973 in Santa Barbara, California, and headquartered in Goleta, known for the HOKA, UGG, and Teva brands.
Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy
The Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy is a political pledge launched at COP28 in Dubai in 2023 to triple global nuclear capacity from 2020 levels by 2050.
Declarative data pipelines
Declarative data pipelines define datasets and transformations as declared queries, letting engines like Spark Declarative Pipelines, Snowflake Dynamic Tables, dbt, and Lakeflow infer DAGs, scheduling, and incremental processing automatically.
Declarative programming
Declarative programming is a style of programming emphasizing what a program should accomplish over how it does so, spanning functional, logic, constraint, and query languages.
Decline and legacy of the telegraph
The decline of the telegraph was the century-long loss of telegram traffic to the telephone, telex, fax, and email, ending with Western Union's last telegram in 2006.
Decline and legacy of the telegraphist occupation
The telegraphist occupation peaked around 1900 with 90 million messages a year in Britain alone, then declined for over a century until the last Indian telegram closed in 2013.
Decline and transition from shellac records
The decline of shellac records began with Japan's 1942 occupation of lac-producing Southeast Asia; vinyl 33⅓ and 45 rpm discs had replaced 78s in America by 1960.
Decline curve analysis
Decline curve analysis fits empirical decline models, chiefly the Arps equations, to a well's production rate history to forecast future output and estimate recoverable reserves, including in shale reservoirs.
Decode-and-forward relaying
Decode-and-forward relaying (DF) is a cooperative communication protocol in which an intermediate relay decodes the source's signal, re-encodes it, and forwards it, remaining silent if decoding fails.
Decommissioning trust fund
A decommissioning trust fund is a segregated account in which a nuclear plant licensee sets aside money to pay for the plant's eventual decontamination and dismantlement.
Decompression sickness
Decompression sickness, also known as the bends or caisson disease, is a condition where nitrogen bubbles form in the body after rapid pressure reduction, mainly in divers.
Deconstructivism
Deconstructivism, or Deconstructivist architecture, is an architectural movement of the late 1980s defined by irregular, fragmented, non-rectilinear forms rejecting Modernist grids and rational structure, named by a 1988 MoMA exhibition.
Deconvolution
Deconvolution is the operation inverse to convolution, recovering an input signal from an observed output. Because it amplifies noise, regularized methods like Wiener and Richardson-Lucy filtering are used.
Decorator pattern
The Decorator pattern, also called Wrapper, is a structural design pattern that attaches new behaviors to objects by placing them in wrappers sharing the wrapped object's interface.
Decorrelating detector
The decorrelating detector is a linear multiuser detector for CDMA systems, developed by Ruxandra Lupas and Sergio Verdú, that removes multiple-access interference at the price of amplified noise.
Decoupled water electrolysis
Decoupled water electrolysis is a water-splitting approach in which a redox mediator separates hydrogen and oxygen production in time or space, improving safety with intermittent renewable power.
Decoupled water splitting via redox mediators
Decoupled water splitting via redox mediators is an electrolysis strategy, proposed in 2013, in which a redox mediator lets hydrogen and oxygen form in separate steps, improving safety.
Decoupling (utility regulation)
Decoupling, also called revenue decoupling, is a utility regulatory mechanism that separates a utility's fixed-cost recovery from the volume of energy it sells, pioneered by California in 1978.
Decoupling capacitor
A decoupling capacitor, also called a bypass capacitor, is a capacitor placed near an integrated circuit to supply fast current spikes and shunt supply noise to ground.
DeCSS
DeCSS is a program released in October 1999 that descrambles the CSS copy protection on commercial movie DVDs, converting encrypted DVD files into unscrambled MPEG-2 video.
DECstation
The DECstation was a family of MIPS RISC-based UNIX workstations sold by Digital Equipment Corporation between 1989 and the early 1990s, running DEC's Ultrix operating system.
DECT
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) is an ETSI wireless standard behind most cordless telephones, using a dedicated 1.9 GHz band and extending to smart home and IoT devices.
Dedicated short-range communications
Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) is a 5.9 GHz wireless technology for vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and pedestrian safety messaging, based on IEEE 802.11p Wi-Fi in the United States.
Deduplication and privacy (extraction risk reduction)
Deduplication for privacy removes exact and near-exact repeats from language-model training corpora, reducing how often models memorize and verbatim regurgitate personal information, including through extraction attacks.
Deduplication of training data
Deduplication of training data is the set of techniques that remove duplicate and near-duplicate documents from language-model corpora, cutting verbatim memorization tenfold and shrinking datasets by up to 19%.