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Diesel engine
The diesel engine, or compression-ignition engine, is an internal combustion engine that ignites fuel by compression alone; Rudolf Diesel completed the first working one in 1897.
Diesel engine runaway
Diesel engine runaway, also called diesel runaway, is a condition where a diesel engine runs out of control on unintended fuel such as its own oil.
Diesel exhaust fluid
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), sold as AdBlue, is a 32.5 percent urea solution injected into diesel exhaust, where it reduces nitrogen oxide emissions in SCR systems.
Diesel fuel
Diesel fuel, also called petrodiesel or diesel oil, is distillate fuel oil sold for compression-ignition engines, where fuel self-ignites in hot compressed air without a spark plug.
Diesel generator
A diesel generator, also called a genset or generating set, couples a diesel engine to an electrical alternator, providing standby power for hospitals and prime power on isolated grids.
Diesel locomotive
A diesel locomotive is a railway locomotive powered by a diesel engine, most often as a diesel-electric whose generator feeds traction motors geared to the axles.
Diesel multiple unit
A diesel multiple unit, or DMU, is a self-propelled passenger train with on-board diesel engines, used on lines where full electrification is not financially feasible.
Diesel particulate filter
A diesel particulate filter, or DPF, is an exhaust device that traps soot from diesel engines in a ceramic honeycomb, cutting particulate matter by over 85 percent.
Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel–electric powertrain, also known as a diesel–electric transmission, is a propulsion system in which a diesel engine drives a generator and electric motors turn the wheels.
Dieter Dengler
Dieter Dengler (1938–2001) was a German-born US Navy pilot shot down over Laos in 1966 who escaped after five months as a prisoner and received the Navy Cross.
Dieter Neher
Dieter Neher is a physicist who has been Professor of Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics at the University of Potsdam since 1998, studying organic and perovskite solar cells.
Dieter Zetsche
Dieter Zetsche, born 1953 in Istanbul, is a German engineer who led Chrysler's turnaround from 2000 to 2005 and chaired Daimler, heading Mercedes-Benz Cars, from 2006 to 2019.
Dietmar Hopp
Dietmar Hopp is a German entrepreneur who co-founded SAP in 1972, led it after its 1988 listing, and finances the football club TSG 1899 Hoffenheim.
Diezani Alison-Madueke
Diezani K. Alison-Madueke, born 1960, is a Nigerian politician who served as Minister of Petroleum Resources from 2010 to 2015, the first woman to hold the office.
Diff
Diff is a Unix utility that compares two files line by line and outputs the changes needed to convert one into the other, often called a patch.
DiffDock
DiffDock is a diffusion generative model developed at MIT that predicts the binding pose of a small-molecule ligand to a protein, a task known as molecular docking.
Difference engine
A difference engine, or difference machine, is a mechanical calculating machine that computes and prints polynomial tables using only repeated addition, designed by Charles Babbage from 1821.
Differentiable architecture search
Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) is a neural architecture search method, described in 2018, that relaxes discrete architecture choices into a continuous form optimizable by gradient descent, cutting search cost to a few GPU days.
Differentiable optimization
Differentiable optimization embeds an optimization problem as a neural network layer: the forward pass solves it, and implicit differentiation of the optimality conditions supplies gradients for end-to-end training.
Differentiable programming
Differentiable programming is a programming paradigm in which programs are written so automatic differentiation, which applies the chain rule, computes exact gradients, allowing whole programs to be optimized end to end.
Differentiable simulation
Differentiable simulation is an approach to physics simulation in which the simulator is built from differentiable operations, supplying gradients for system identification, controller design, and policy learning.
Differential (mechanical device)
A differential, also called a differential gear train, is a three-shaft gear train in which one shaft's speed is the average of the other two, letting driving wheels rotate at different speeds when cornering.
Differential amplifier
A differential amplifier, or difference amplifier, is an electronic amplifier that amplifies the voltage difference between two inputs while rejecting voltage common to both, measured by its common-mode rejection ratio.
Differential analyser
The differential analyser, or Bush differential analyzer, is a mechanical analog computer for solving differential equations, first built by Vannevar Bush at MIT in 1931.
Differential coding
Differential coding is a data compression technique that stores values as differences from a reference or previous value, so correlated data becomes smaller and easier to compress.
Differential cryptanalysis
Differential cryptanalysis is a chosen-plaintext attack introduced by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in 1991, the first published attack to break the full 16-round DES.
Differential dynamic programming
Differential dynamic programming (DDP) is a second-order trajectory optimization algorithm for nonlinear optimal control, introduced by Jacobson and Mayne in 1970 and widely used for legged robot control.
Differential evolution
Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based, gradient-free optimization algorithm introduced by Rainer Storn and Kenneth Price in 1995 and published in 1997, widely used for nonlinear and non-differentiable functions.
Differential GPS
Differential GPS, also known as DGNSS, is an augmentation technique that improves GPS accuracy to 3 to 5 meters by broadcasting corrections from a surveyed reference station.
Differential hardening
Differential hardening is a heat treatment that makes a blade's edge harder than its body, best known from Japanese swordsmithing, where it produces the hamon temper line.