Technology and the built world

Extravehicular activity

Extravehicular activity, or spacewalk, is work by a pressure-suited astronaut outside a spacecraft, first performed by Alexei Leonov in 1965 and central to building the International Space Station.

Extravehicular Mobility Unit

The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is NASA's two-piece spacesuit for spacewalks outside the Space Shuttle and ISS, providing up to 7 hours of oxygen since 1983.

Oct 22, 2026

Extreme high-speed laser material deposition

Extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) is a laser cladding process developed by Fraunhofer ILT that coats metal surfaces up to 100 times faster than conventional methods.

Extreme learning machine

An extreme learning machine (ELM) is a single-hidden-layer feedforward neural network whose input weights are random and fixed, so training reduces to a fast linear solve for the output weights.

Extreme programming

Extreme programming (XP) is an agile software development methodology created by Kent Beck in the 1990s, built on practices like pair programming and test-driven development.

Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) was a NASA satellite launched in 1992 that made the first all-sky survey at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, cataloging 801 sources, and operated until 2001.

Extreme ultraviolet lithography

Extreme ultraviolet lithography, also called EUV photolithography or EUVL, is a semiconductor patterning technology using 13.5 nm light to print features of the most advanced chips.

Extreme-pressure additive

An extreme-pressure (EP) additive is a chemical compound blended into a lubricant that reacts with metal under heavy load, forming a protective film that prevents seizure and severe wear.

Extremely low frequency

Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the ITU designation for the radio band from 3 to 30 Hz, the lowest in the international nomenclature, used to reach submerged submarines.

Extremely randomized trees (Extra-Trees) is an ensemble machine learning method that builds many unpruned decision trees using randomly drawn split points, introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006.

Extrinsic calibration

Extrinsic calibration is the estimation of a camera or sensor's rigid-body position and orientation relative to a reference frame or second sensor, so measurements share one coordinate system.

Extrinsic dexterity

Extrinsic dexterity is a robot's ability to manipulate an object in its hand using gravity, contact with surfaces, and arm motions rather than finger dexterity alone.

Extrinsic information transfer chart

An extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is a graphical tool introduced by Stephan ten Brink in 1999 that predicts the convergence behavior of iterative decoding schemes such as turbo codes.

Extrusion

Extrusion, also called extrusion molding, is a metal-forming process that forces a heated billet through a die, producing continuous profiles of complex cross-section, notably aluminum.

Extrusion 3D printing

Extrusion 3D printing is an additive manufacturing method that dispenses molten or paste material through a nozzle layer by layer, covering FDM, FFF, and bioplotting.

Extrusion coating

Extrusion coating is a converting process that presses a molten polymer film onto substrates like paper, foil, or fabric; the first LDPE-coated milk carton was commercialized by 1957.

Exxaro Resources

Exxaro Resources is a South African JSE-listed mining company created in 2006 from the unbundling of Kumba Resources, with coal as its core commodity and a growing renewable energy business.

Exxon Valdez

The Exxon Valdez, later renamed Oriental Nicety, was an American oil tanker that ran aground on Bligh Reef, Alaska, in 1989, causing the largest oil spill in United States history.

ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil, formally Exxon Mobil Corporation, is an American integrated oil and gas company formed in 1999 by the merger of Exxon and Mobil, with brands including Exxon, Esso, and Mobil.

Exynos

Exynos, also known as Samsung Exynos, is Samsung Electronics' brand of in-house system-on-chip processors launched in 2009, best known for powering Samsung Galaxy smartphones in many markets.

Eyal Waldman (אייל ולדמן)

Eyal Waldman (אייל ולדמן), born 1960, is an Israeli entrepreneur who co-founded the semiconductor companies Galileo Technology and Mellanox Technologies, which NVIDIA acquired for $7 billion in 2020.

Eye detection (computer vision)

Eye detection is a computer vision method that locates human eyes in images or video frames, typically feeding gaze estimation, biometrics, and driver drowsiness monitoring.

Eye in the Sky (2015 film)

Eye in the Sky is a 2015 British-South African drone-warfare thriller directed by Gavin Hood, written by Guy Hibbert, starring Helen Mirren, Aaron Paul, and Alan Rickman; premiered at TIFF 2015, released 2016 by Bleecker Street.

Eye pattern

The eye pattern, also called an eye diagram or data eye, is an oscilloscope display of overlaid digital data segments whose opening reveals signal quality, noise, and jitter.

Eye-in-hand configuration

The eye-in-hand configuration is a robot-vision arrangement with a camera rigidly mounted on the end-effector, moving with the arm; it contrasts with the fixed-camera eye-to-hand setup and requires hand-eye calibration.

Eye-to-hand configuration

The eye-to-hand configuration is a camera placement for vision-guided robots where a fixed camera outside the robot observes the manipulator, offering stable accuracy but risking occlusion.

Eyepiece

An eyepiece, also called an ocular, is the lens or lens assembly at the end of a telescope or microscope through which the eye views the image.

Eyre Highway

The Eyre Highway, National Highway 1, is Australia's major east-west road from Port Augusta, South Australia, to Norseman, Western Australia, the only direct road link between Western Australia and the eastern states.

Eysturoyartunnilin

Eysturoyartunnilin, the Eysturoy tunnel, earlier Skálafjarðartunnilin, is an 11.2 km subsea road tunnel connecting Tórshavn on Streymoy to Eysturoy, opened in 2020 with the world's first subsea roundabout.