Technology and the built world

Filter bank multicarrier

Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) is a multicarrier modulation scheme transmitting parallel streams through modulated filters, studied as a 5G alternative to cyclic-prefix OFDM with lower out-of-band emissions but higher complexity.

Filter bubble

A filter bubble, or informational bubble, is a state in which algorithmic personalization of online content isolates users from disagreeing material, coined by Eli Pariser in 2011.

Filter design

Filter design is the process of turning a frequency-response specification into a working filter: a transfer function and coefficients for a digital filter, or a circuit topology for an analog one.

Filtered back projection

Filtered back projection (FBP) is a tomographic reconstruction algorithm that filters each projection with a ramp and back-projects it into a cross-sectional image, long the standard method in CT.

Filtered containment venting

Filtered containment venting is a nuclear reactor safety system that relieves containment overpressure through filters during severe accidents, retaining most radioactive aerosols and much iodine.

Filtered multitone

Filtered multitone (FMT) is a multicarrier modulation technique whose filter-shaped subchannels have essentially no spectral overlap, proposed for VDSL transmission by IBM researchers in 1999.

Filtered OFDM

Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission scheme that splits an OFDM signal into subbands, each filtered, so different services can use different subcarrier spacings within one carrier.

FIM Endurance World Championship

The FIM Endurance World Championship (EWC) is the FIM's world championship for endurance motorcycle racing, with rider teams sharing machines over races of 3 to 24 hours.

FIM-92 Stinger

The FIM-92 Stinger, or Stinger missile, is an American shoulder-fired, fire-and-forget surface-to-air missile that entered U.S. Army service in 1981 and is best known for downing about 250 Soviet aircraft in Afghanistan from 1986.

Fimfiction

Fimfiction, also called FIMFic, is a fanfiction archive and community website for stories based on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, opened in 2011. It describes itself as the largest collection of My Little Pony fanfiction.

Fin

A fin is an extended surface attached to a heat transfer surface to increase heat exchange area, used in heat sinks, radiators, and heat exchangers.

Fin efficiency

Fin efficiency is the ratio of the heat a fin actually transfers to the heat it would transfer if its entire surface sat at the base temperature.

Fin Ray effect

The Fin Ray effect is a passive mechanical behavior in which a triangular structure modeled on a fish tail fin curves toward lateral pressure, discovered in 1997 by biologist Leif Kniese on a trout.

Fin stabilizer

A fin stabilizer is a fin mounted beneath a ship's waterline that reduces roll, with active fins using gyroscopic control for over 90% roll reduction.

Final (Java)

Final is a non-access modifier in Java with three uses: final variables are assigned once, final methods cannot be overridden, and final classes cannot be extended.

Final Cut Pro

Final Cut Pro, Apple's professional video editing application for Mac and iPad, is known for its trackless Magnetic Timeline and one-time $299.99 price with free updates.

Financial Information eXchange

The Financial Information eXchange (FIX) protocol is an open, application-layer messaging standard for electronic trading between financial institutions, begun in 1992 and maintained by the FIX Trading Community.

Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center

The Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC), founded in 1999, is a nonprofit sharing cyber and physical threat intelligence among financial institutions worldwide.

Finavia

Finavia is the Finnish state-owned airport company that owns, develops, and maintains most of Finland's airports, including Helsinki Airport; it was formed as a government-owned corporation in 2010.

FinBERT

FinBERT is a BERT-based language model family adapted to finance, used chiefly for sentiment analysis of financial text, first released by Dogu Araci in 2019.

Fincantieri

Fincantieri S.p.A. is an Italian shipbuilding group headquartered in Trieste, founded in 1959, which builds most of the world's cruise ships and over 140 naval vessels since 1990.

Find My

Find My is an Apple app and tracking service that locates lost Apple devices, AirTags, and network accessories, and lets users share their location with friends and family.

Findhelp (Aunt Bertha)

Findhelp, formerly Aunt Bertha, is an American social care software company founded by Erine Gray in 2010 and based in Austin, Texas, operating the free search site findhelp.org.

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, commonly Findings of ACL, is a companion proceedings series of the Association for Computational Linguistics, first published with EMNLP 2020.

Fine-grained complexity

Fine-grained complexity is the area of theoretical computer science that proves conditional lower bounds based on the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) and similar conjectures such as 3-SUM and APSP.

Fine-tuning (deep learning)

Fine-tuning is the process of continuing the training of a pretrained machine learning model on task-specific data, including methods like LoRA that update only a small fraction of parameters.

FineWeb

FineWeb is an open English-language pretraining corpus built by Hugging Face from 96 Common Crawl snapshots, released in May 2024 at 15 trillion tokens and later expanded past 18.5 trillion.

FinFET

A FinFET is a field-effect transistor with a gate wrapped around a thin vertical silicon fin, suppressing leakage and dominant at 14 nm, 10 nm, and 7 nm nodes.

Fingerprint detection

Fingerprint detection is the set of optical, physical, and chemical techniques used to develop ridge detail from latent fingerprints on surfaces so it can be compared for identification.