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French battleship Bouvet
The French battleship Bouvet was a pre-dreadnought built at Lorient and completed in 1898, sunk by a mine in the Dardanelles in 1915 with heavy loss of life.
French battleship Bretagne
Bretagne was a French dreadnought battleship completed in 1915 that served in the Mediterranean in both world wars and was sunk at Mers-el-Kébir in 1940.
French battleship Jean Bart (1940)
The French battleship Jean Bart, a Richelieu-class ship begun in 1936, escaped incomplete to Casablanca in 1940 and was the last battleship ever completed, in 1955.
French Bee
French Bee is a French low-cost long-haul airline based at Paris-Orly Airport and owned by Groupe Dubreuil. It flies an all-Airbus A350 fleet on leisure routes.
French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (R97)
The French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (R97) was a helicopter cruiser and training ship of the French Navy, built at Brest and in service from 1964 to 2010.
French drain
A French drain, also called a rubble drain, is a sloped gravel-filled trench with a perforated pipe that carries water away, named for Henry Flagg French.
French frigate Méduse (1810)
The French frigate Méduse, launched in 1810, wrecked on the Arguin Bank off West Africa in 1816; only 15 of roughly 147 people set adrift on a raft survived.
French Gothic
French Gothic is the Gothic architecture that originated around Paris in the mid-twelfth century, based on the pointed arch, the rib vault, and flying buttresses, and practiced until about 1500.
French ironclad Gloire
The French ironclad Gloire, also known as La Gloire, was a French Navy broadside ironclad launched at Toulon in 1859, generally regarded as the first ocean-going ironclad warship.
French locomotive classification
French locomotive classification is the notation used in France to describe a locomotive's axle arrangement and number individual engines, counting axles rather than wheels, from the SNCF's 1938 steam scheme to the European Vehicle Number.
French Naval Aviation
French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale) is the air arm of the French Navy, headquartered at Toulon and operating Rafale fighters from the carrier Charles de Gaulle.
Frenet frame planning
Frenet frame planning is a trajectory-planning method for autonomous vehicles that describes motion relative to a road centerline, splitting planning into separate path and speed problems, established in 2010.
Freon
Freon is a trade name for refrigerants, originally CFCs made at General Motors around 1929 and now owned by Chemours, used in air conditioning and refrigeration.
Frequency discriminator
A frequency discriminator is an FM demodulator whose output voltage is proportional to the instantaneous frequency of the incoming wave, converting frequency deviation into an amplitude.
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) is a method of encoding information onto a carrier signal by varying its frequency, developed by Edwin Armstrong and used for FM radio broadcasting.
Frequency modulation synthesis
Frequency modulation synthesis, known as FM synthesis, is a sound-synthesis technique discovered by John Chowning at Stanford in 1967 that produces complex tones from simple oscillators.
Frequency modulator
A frequency modulator is a circuit or algorithm that varies a carrier wave's frequency in proportion to an input signal, using direct methods, Armstrong's indirect method, or direct digital synthesis.
Frequency offset estimation
Frequency offset estimation is a signal processing method in digital communications that measures the carrier frequency offset between a transmitter's and receiver's oscillators so it can be corrected before demodulation.
Frequency reuse
Frequency reuse is the use of the same radio channels in different areas separated enough that co-channel interference is not objectionable, a core element of the cellular concept.
Frequency selective surface
A frequency selective surface (FSS) is a planar periodic array of metallic patches or apertures on a dielectric substrate that transmits or reflects waves depending on frequency.
Frequency signal injection
Frequency signal injection is a sensorless control technique that superimposes a high-frequency signal on a motor drive to estimate rotor position without a sensor, working even at standstill.
Frequency stability
Frequency stability is a power system's ability to maintain steady frequency after a severe generation-load imbalance, like losing a large generator, and restore it to nominal value.
Frequency synthesis
Frequency synthesis is an electronic design technique that generates signals at desired frequencies from one or more reference oscillators, using phase-locked loops, direct digital synthesis, and related loop-based architectures.
Frequency synthesizer
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic circuit that generates a range of frequencies from a single stable reference, used in radios, televisions, and GPS systems.
Frequency-division multiple access
Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) divides the radio spectrum into non-overlapping frequency slots, one per user, and was the first multiple access technique in satellite communications.
Frequency-division multiplexing
Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is a technique that carries multiple independent signals over one shared medium by assigning each its own frequency band, separated by guard bands.
Frequency-domain equalization
Frequency-domain equalization is a receiver technique that compensates for inter-symbol interference using FFT-based processing instead of long time-domain filters, with single-carrier FDE comparable to OFDM.
Frequency-domain equalizer
A frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) is a receiver technique that compensates for intersymbol interference by equalizing each FFT-transformed block of samples, one coefficient per frequency bin.
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a radio transmission method whose carrier hops rapidly among many channels in a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver.
Frequency-locked loop
A frequency-locked loop (FLL) is a feedback control circuit that adjusts a variable-frequency oscillator until its output frequency matches a reference signal, controlling frequency only, not phase.