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Technology and the built world

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Gaz-System

Gaz-System is Poland's 100 percent state-owned gas transmission system operator, founded in 2004, which runs the high-pressure pipeline network and the President Lech Kaczyński LNG Terminal in Świnoujście.

Gaze estimation

Gaze estimation is the computer vision task of determining where a person is looking, as a 3D direction or a point on a screen, from images of the face and eyes.

Gaze in social robotics

Gaze in social robotics is the use of a robot's eye and head orientation as a nonverbal signal, studied for joint attention, turn-taking, and task coordination with humans.

Gazebo

A gazebo is a roofed structure, usually open on the sides, built in gardens and parks for shade and views; the word first appeared in English in 1752.

Gazela Pipeline

The Gazela pipeline is a 166-kilometer high-pressure natural gas pipeline in the Czech Republic, commissioned in 2013 to carry Nord Stream gas across Czech territory toward southern Germany.

GAZelle (ГАЗе́ль)

The GAZelle (ГАЗе́ль), also known as the GAZ Gazelle, is a family of light commercial vehicles, vans, and minibuses built by GAZ in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, since 1994.

GAZelle NEXT (ГАЗель NEXT)

GAZelle NEXT (ГАЗель NEXT) is a family of light commercial vehicles from GAZ, produced in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, since 2013 as the second-generation GAZelle; serial production opened on 9 April 2013.

Gazelle optimization algorithm

The gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) is a swarm-based metaheuristic, introduced by Agushaka, Ezugwu, and Abualigah in 2022, that mimics gazelles' predator-escape strategies to solve numerical and engineering optimization problems.

Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque

The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova džamija), locally Begova Mosque, is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in Sarajevo built in 1530/31 by Gazi Husrev-beg, one of Bosnia's largest.

Gazprom (Газпром)

Gazprom (Газпром) is Russia's state-controlled natural gas company, holding nearly 70% of Russia's gas reserves; once dominant in Europe, it lost that market after 2022 and now exports mainly to China.

Gaztransport & Technigaz

Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT) is a French engineering group formed in 1994 that designs cryogenic membrane containment systems for LNG carriers; its Mark III and NO96 systems equip around 86% of the world fleet.

GB 50010

GB 50010 is China's national standard for the design of concrete structures, issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and first effective in 2011.

GB 50011

GB 50011, the Standard for Seismic Design of Buildings, is China's national standard for the seismic, isolation, and energy-dissipation design of buildings, mandatory at intensity 6 or above.

GB/T 20234

GB/T 20234 (电动汽车传导充电用连接装置) is a series of Chinese national standards specifying the plugs, sockets, and test methods for electric vehicle charging connectors, defining one of the four major regional EV plug systems.

GB/T 29490

GB/T 29490 is a Chinese national standard for enterprise intellectual property management, first published in 2013 and revised in 2023 as an IP compliance management system.

GB/T 36276

GB/T 36276, titled Lithium ion battery for electrical energy storage, is a Chinese national standard covering requirements and test methods for lithium-ion storage battery cells, modules, and clusters.

GB/T 4754-2017

GB/T 4754-2017, the Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (国民经济行业分类), is China's national standard classifying economic activities in a four-level hierarchy, issued in 2017 and used for registration, taxation, and statistics.

Gbaran Oil Field

The Gbaran Oil Field is an onshore oil and gas field in the Niger Delta near Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, operated by Shell and discovered in 1967.

GBAS

The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is an aviation navigation system that augments GNSS signals with ground-station corrections for precision approach and landing, as an alternative to the ILS.

Gbeibe Oil Field

Gbeibe Oil Field (حقل كبيبة) is a large, sour, heavy oil field in al-Hasakah Governorate, northeast Syria, brought onstream in the late 1970s and operated by the Sino-Syrian Kawkab Oil Company from 2004.

Gboard

Gboard, also known as Google Keyboard, is a virtual keyboard app by Google for Android and iOS, launched in 2016, featuring Glide Typing, voice typing, translation, and over 5 billion downloads.

GBU-12 Paveway II

The GBU-12 Paveway II is an American 500-pound laser-guided bomb that pairs a Paveway II guidance kit with a Mk 82 bomb body, guiding to reflected laser energy.

GBU-28

The GBU-28 is a 5,000-lb laser-guided penetrator bomb, nicknamed the "Bunker Buster." It was built from heavy 8-inch artillery gun tubes and used in the Gulf War.

GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb

The GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) is a 250-pound precision-guided glide bomb developed by Boeing for the US Air Force, guided by GPS and first delivered in 2006.

GBU-43/B MOAB

The GBU-43/B MOAB, nicknamed the Mother of All Bombs, is a large GPS-guided US conventional bomb with 18,700 pounds of explosive, first used in Afghanistan in 2017.

GBU-57A/B MOP

The GBU-57A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator, also known as Big BLU or MOP, is a 30,000-pound GPS-guided American bomb for destroying deeply buried targets, first used in combat against Iran's nuclear sites in June 2025.

GBU-72

The GBU-72 Advanced 5K Penetrator (A5K) is a 5,000-pound GPS-guided American bunker-buster bomb that replaces the GBU-28, first dropped from an F-15E in 2021 and first used in combat in 2026 against Iranian underground missile facilities.

Gd2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating

Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore thermal barrier coating, gadolinium zirconate (GZO), is a ceramic top-coat material studied for about two decades as a higher-temperature alternative to yttria-stabilized zirconia on gas turbine components.

Gdańsk Shipyard

Gdańsk Shipyard (Stocznia Gdańska), known as the Lenin Shipyard from 1967 to 1989, is a Polish shipyard where the 1980 strikes led by Lech Wałęsa founded Solidarity.

GDDR6 SDRAM

GDDR6 SDRAM (GDDR6) is a JEDEC-standardized graphics memory that succeeded GDDR5 and GDDR5X, delivering high bandwidth for GPUs in graphics cards, game consoles, and AI accelerators.