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Geoffrey Hinton
Geoffrey Hinton, also known as Geoff Hinton, is a British-Canadian computer scientist who won the 2018 Turing Award and 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for deep learning.
Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS), also called a geospatial information system, is a computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced data, first developed in Canada in the 1960s.
Geographic routing
Geographic routing is a packet-forwarding technique for wireless and sensor networks in which each node forwards packets using physical positions, keeping state proportional to local density.
Geography Markup Language
Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML grammar for modeling, transporting, and storing geographic information, first submitted to the Open Geospatial Consortium in 1999 and now at version 3.2.1.
GeoJSON
GeoJSON is a format for encoding geographic data structures in JSON, where an object represents a geometry, a feature, or a feature collection, standardized as RFC 7946 in 2016.
Geolocation API
The Geolocation API is a W3C-standardized web interface through which a browser exposes a device's geographic position to a web page after the user grants permission.
Geolocation database
A geolocation database is a centralized service telling unlicensed wireless devices which frequencies they may use at their location; the FCC mandated it for TV white space devices in 2010.
Geologic hydrogen
Geologic hydrogen, also called natural, native, white, or gold hydrogen, is hydrogen formed underground by natural processes, first produced commercially at Bourakébougou, Mali, after 1987.
Geological Disposal Facility (United Kingdom)
The Geological Disposal Facility is the United Kingdom's planned facility for permanently disposing of its most hazardous radioactive waste in vaults 200 to 1,000 meters underground.
Geological modelling
Geological modeling is the construction of a 3D numerical representation of the subsurface, used mainly in petroleum geology to estimate resources and plan oil and gas field development.
Geological strength index
The geological strength index (GSI) is a rock mass characterization system developed by Evert Hoek in 1994, estimating strength of jointed rock masses for tunnel, slope, and foundation design.
Geomag
Geomag is a Swiss-made magnetic construction toy of magnetic rods and steel spheres that join into three-dimensional structures, invented and patented in 1998 by Geomagworld SA.
Geomagic Control X
Geomagic Control X is a 3D inspection and metrology software package that compares 3D scan data against CAD models, introduced in 2016 by 3D Systems and now owned by Hexagon.
Geomembrane canal lining
Geomembrane canal lining is the use of welded impermeable polymer sheets to seal irrigation canals against seepage, cutting losses that can reach 30 to 50 percent of carried water.
Geometric constellation shaping
Geometric constellation shaping (GCS), or geometric shaping, is a modulation technique for optical fiber that repositions equally probable QAM constellation points to improve performance, a low-complexity alternative to probabilistic shaping.
Geometric design of roads
Geometric design of roads, or road geometry, is the branch of highway engineering defining road layout and dimensions: horizontal and vertical alignment, cross section, and intersections.
Geometric programming
Geometric programming is an optimization method with posynomial objectives and constraints that becomes convex after a logarithmic change of variables, so interior-point algorithms find the global optimum efficiently.
Geometric Tools
Geometric Tools is a collection of freely downloadable C++ source code for mathematics, geometry, graphics, image analysis, and physics, maintained by David Eberly and distributed under the Boost License.
Geometrically exact beam formulation
The geometrically exact beam formulation, known as Cosserat rod theory or GEBT, is a structural model that represents arbitrarily large beam displacements and rotations exactly, used in soft robotics.
Geometry Engine (SGI)
The Geometry Engine was a VLSI floating-point chip for 3D graphics, developed by James H. Clark at Stanford and commercialized by Silicon Graphics as the core of its IRIS workstations.
Geon‐Tae Park
Geon-Tae Park (박건태) is a South Korean materials researcher working on cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, with a 2023 Ph.D. from Hanyang University and a visiting post at the University of Washington.
GeoNames
GeoNames is a free geographical database, or gazetteer, with over 32 million placenames worldwide, REST web services, and wiki-style community editing under a Creative Commons license.
GeoPackage
GeoPackage is an open format defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium for storing vector features, raster tile pyramids, and attributes in a single portable SQLite database, first published in 2014.
GeoPark
GeoPark is an independent oil and gas company headquartered in Bogotá, Colombia, founded in 2002 and traded on the New York Stock Exchange as GPRK.
GeoParquet
GeoParquet is an OGC-backed specification for storing geospatial vector data (points, lines, polygons) in Apache Parquet. Version 2.0.0 uses native Parquet GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY types, WKB encoding, and a JSON geo metadata key with PROJJSON CRS.
Geopolymer cement
Geopolymer cement is a binder made by alkali activation of aluminosilicate materials such as metakaolin, fly ash, or slag, forming inorganic polymer networks with lower carbon emissions than Portland cement.
Geopolymer concrete
Geopolymer concrete (GPC, also called geocrete) is concrete whose binder comes from alkali-activated fly ash, slag, or metakaolin, cutting CO2 emissions by up to 70%.
Geopressured geothermal energy
Geopressured geothermal energy is heat, hydraulic pressure, and dissolved methane recovered together from deeply buried, overpressured sedimentary formations, studied mainly in the US Gulf Coast.
GeoPura
GeoPura is a British green-hydrogen power company, founded in 2019 and based in Newcastle upon Tyne, that leases hydrogen fuel cell power units replacing diesel generators.
Geordie lamp
The Geordie lamp is a miners' safety lamp invented by George Stephenson in 1815, in which air enters through fine holes and gauze so firedamp cannot ignite.