Technology and the built world

Isokon Flats

Isokon Flats (Lawn Road Flats, Isokon Building), a 1934 Grade I listed reinforced-concrete block of 36 flats by Wells Coates in Belsize Park, London, home to Bauhaus figures Gropius, Breuer, and Moholy-Nagy and Agatha Christie.

Isolated ground

An isolated ground is a wiring arrangement that insulates a receptacle's ground terminal from the metal box and raceway, reducing electrical noise for sensitive electronics like computers and medical devices.

Isolated-phase bus

An isolated-phase bus, also called isolated-phase busduct, is a metal-enclosed busbar system carrying very large alternating currents, in which each phase has its own grounded enclosure.

Isolation (database systems)

Isolation, also called transaction isolation, is the database property shielding one transaction's operations from concurrently executing ones; the SQL standard defines four levels, from Read Uncommitted to Serializable.

Isolation forest

The isolation forest (iForest) is an unsupervised anomaly detection method that scores points by how few random splits isolate them, needing no distance or density measure.

Isolation transformer

An isolation transformer is a transformer with separate primary and secondary windings that transfer power only by magnetic induction, providing galvanic isolation, noise reduction, and safety in medical, marine, and industrial systems.

Isomap

Isomap, or isometric feature mapping, is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method that preserves geodesic distances, introduced by Tenenbaum, de Silva, and Langford in Science in 2000.

Isomorphic Labs

Isomorphic Labs is a London-based AI drug design company founded in 2021 by Demis Hassabis as a Google DeepMind spinout owned by Alphabet, building on AlphaFold 3.

ISOS stability protocols

The ISOS stability protocols are consensus procedures for testing the stability of organic and perovskite solar cells, established at a summit in Roskilde, Denmark, in 2010.

Isostatic pressing

Isostatic pressing is a powder-metallurgy and ceramics forming method that compacts powder by fluid pressure applied equally from all directions, in cold (CIP) and hot (HIP) forms.

Isothermal annealing

Isothermal annealing is a heat treatment in which steel is austenitized, cooled to a fixed temperature, and held there until transformation completes, giving a uniform structure.

Isothermal CAES

Isothermal CAES, or isothermal compressed air energy storage, stores electricity by compressing air at nearly constant temperature, avoiding stored heat or fuel, with no commercial systems yet.

Isothermal oxidation

Isothermal oxidation is a materials testing method in which a metal is held at constant temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere so protective oxide scale growth can be measured.

Isotope separation system

An isotope separation system is part of a fusion reactor's tritium plant that separates deuterium from tritium so recovered fuel can be recycled, typically by cryogenic distillation.

Oct 22, 2026

Isotopically enriched diamond

Isotopically enriched diamond is diamond with carbon-13 reduced below its natural 1.1% abundance, cutting phonon scattering and raising thermal conductivity roughly 50% above natural diamond.

Isotta Fraschini Tipo 6 LMH-C

The Isotta Fraschini Tipo 6 LMH-C is a hybrid four-wheel-drive Le Mans Hypercar prototype built by the revived Italian manufacturer Isotta Fraschini to race in the 2024 World Endurance Championship.

ispace

ispace is a Tokyo-based lunar exploration company that builds landers and rovers and sells transportation services to the Moon; its two HAKUTO-R landing attempts, in 2023 and 2025, both crashed.

Ispat International

Ispat International N.V. was a Netherlands-registered steel company controlled by Lakshmi Mittal's LNM group, known for buying and turning around distressed steel mills before becoming Mittal Steel in 2004.

iSplash

iSplash is a series of high-speed carangiform robotic fish developed by Richard Clapham and Huosheng Hu at the University of Essex from 2011, across four platforms.

Israel Aerospace Industries

Israel Aerospace Industries is an Israeli aerospace and defense manufacturer wholly owned by the State of Israel. Founded in 1953 as Bedek Aviation, it became Israel Aircraft Industries in 1963.

Israel Electric Corporation

Israel Electric Corporation (Hebrew: חברת החשמל לישראל, IEC) is the state-owned electric utility of Israel, founded in 1923 as the Palestine Electric Company at the initiative of Pinhas Rutenberg.

Israel J. Wygnanski

Israel J. Wygnanski is a Polish-born aerodynamicist, professor at the University of Arizona and emeritus professor at Tel Aviv University, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1989.

Israel Railways

Israel Railways (Hebrew: רכבת ישראל, Rakevet Yisra'el) is the state-owned company operating Israel's passenger and freight trains across 72 stations, carrying about 70 million trips a year.

Israel Weapon Industries

Israel Weapon Industries (IWI) is an Israeli small arms manufacturer created in 2005 from the privatized small arms division of Israel Military Industries, known for the UZI, TAVOR, and NEGEV.

Israeli Combat Engineering Corps

The Israeli Combat Engineering Corps (חיל ההנדסה הקרבית) is the Israel Defense Forces corps responsible for battlefield engineering, including dismantling minefields, building bridges, and countering tunnels, founded in 1947.

ISRO

ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organisation, is India's space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru and founded in 1969. It is known for the low-cost Mars Orbiter Mission.

ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment

The ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE) is the testing complex of the U R Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru, India, where ISRO communication and navigation satellites are integrated and environmentally tested before launch.

ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network

The ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network, known as ISTRAC, is ISRO's Bengaluru-based ground segment, established in 1976, providing tracking and mission operations for satellites.

ISRU Pilot Excavator

The ISRU Pilot Excavator (IPEx) is a 30 kg-class robotic lunar excavator developed at NASA's Kennedy Space Center to excavate and transport 10 metric tons of lunar regolith.