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Jar test
A jar test is a laboratory batch procedure simulating coagulation, flocculation, and settling of water in stirred containers to find the optimum coagulant dose and pH.
Jared Isaacman
Jared Isaacman, also known as Jared Rook Isaacman, is an American entrepreneur, pilot, and commercial astronaut serving as NASA's 15th administrator since December 2025, after commanding Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn.
Jarmann M1884
The Jarmann M1884 was a Norwegian bolt-action repeating rifle designed by Jacob Smith Jarmann and adopted in 1884, firing 10.15 mm cartridges from an 8-round tubular magazine.
Jarold A. Meyer
Jarold A. Meyer is an American chemical engineer who led Chevron Research and Technology Company and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1995.
Jaron Lanier
Jaron Lanier is an American computer scientist, composer, and writer who pioneered virtual reality in the 1980s, founded VPL Research, and joined Microsoft Research in 2006.
Jaroslav Kožešník
Jaroslav Kožešník (1907–1985) was a Czech engineer and applied mathematician who led the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences from 1970 and founded its cybernetics institute, ÚTIA.
Jarquduq Oil and Gas Field
Jarquduq Oil and Gas Field (Джаркудук), also written Dzharkuduk, is an onshore gas and gas-condensate field in southern Uzbekistan's Kashkadarya region, operated by LUKOIL since first gas in December 2011.
Jasa Marga
Jasa Marga, formally PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk, is an Indonesian state-controlled toll road company founded in 1978 that operates most of Indonesia's toll roads.
Jascha Sohl-Dickstein
Jascha Sohl-Dickstein is a machine-learning researcher who introduced diffusion models in a 2015 paper, spent over eight years at Google Brain and DeepMind, and joined Anthropic in 2024.
JASCO
JASCO is a text-to-music AI model from Meta's FAIR team and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, announced in 2024, that generates music from text, chords, drums, and melody.
Jasmine Oil and Gas Field
Jasmine is a high-pressure, high-temperature gas condensate field in the UK Central North Sea, discovered in 2006 and brought onstream in November 2013 as the largest North Sea discovery since Buzzard in 2007.
Jason Chin
Jason W. Chin is a synthetic biologist known for reprogramming and expanding the genetic code of living organisms; he led the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge before moving to Oxford in 2025.
Jason Citron
Jason Citron is an American entrepreneur who co-founded the chat platform Discord in 2015 and led it as CEO until 2025, after selling his earlier company OpenFeint to Japan's GREE for $104 million.
Jason Eisner
Jason Eisner is Professor of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University and a Fellow of the Association for Computational Linguistics, known for Dyna, a declarative language for weighted dynamic programming.
Jason Graetz
Jason Graetz is an American materials scientist and former head of the Energy Storage Group at Brookhaven National Laboratory, known for hydrogen storage and lithium battery research.
Jason Wertheim
Jason Wertheim is an American transplant surgeon and biomedical engineer who builds replacement kidney and liver tissue in the laboratory and received a Presidential Early Career Award.
Jasper (AI company)
Jasper, also known as Jasper AI, is an American artificial intelligence marketing company founded in 2021, which reached a $1.5 billion valuation before growth stalled after ChatGPT's launch.
Jasper A. Welch, Jr.
Jasper A. Welch, Jr. was an American physicist and Air Force officer who retired as a Major General in 1983 after a 31-year career in strategic defense research.
Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa
Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa (JSW) is a Polish mining company headquartered in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, founded in 1993, that produces coking coal and coke for steelmaking, mainly supplying European steel producers.
Jaswant Singh Gill (ਜਸਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਗਿੱਲ)
Jaswant Singh Gill, known as Capsule Gill, was an Indian mining engineer who led the 1989 rescue of 65 miners trapped in a flooded coal mine at Raniganj.
Jaswinder P. Singh
Jaswinder P. Singh, also known as Jaswinder Pal Singh, is an American computer scientist at Princeton University who works on parallel computing and computational biology.
JAT Flight 367
JAT Flight 367 was a Jugoslovenski Aerotransport flight destroyed by a bomb over Czechoslovakia in 1972, whose flight attendant Vesna Vulović survived the highest fall without a parachute.
JATO
JATO (jet-assisted take-off), also called RATO or RATOG, gives overloaded aircraft extra takeoff thrust from small solid-propellant rockets; developed in the United States before World War II.
Java (programming language)
Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995, compiled to bytecode that runs on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine.
Java (software platform)
Java, also known as the Java Platform, is a software platform launched by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and stewarded by Oracle, combining a programming language, virtual machine, and standard libraries.
Java applet
A Java applet is a small Java program downloaded by a browser and run inside a web page, popular in the late 1990s before browser plugin support ended.
Java bytecode
Java bytecode is the platform-independent instruction set of the Java Virtual Machine, into which Java, Kotlin, and Scala are compiled and which runs on any machine.
Java Card VM
The Java Card VM is a subset of the Java virtual machine that runs on smart cards and other resource-constrained devices, introduced with Java Card in 1996.
Java class file
A Java class file, also called a class file, is the binary format defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification for compiled classes, interfaces, and modules.
Java collections framework
The Java collections framework, also known as the Java Collections API, is a unified architecture in Java for representing and manipulating groups of objects, introduced in 1998.