Fontana (Martian crater)
Fontana is the name of an impact crater on Mars approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and recorded in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, the official catalog of planetary surface feature names. The Gazetteer lists two crater entries under the name Fontana, Feature IDs 1990 and 1991, both classified as "Crater, craters", but only one of them, Feature ID 1991, is a Martian crater; the other, Feature ID 1990, is on the Moon.1 • 2 The name honors Francesco Fontana, an Italian astronomer.2
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Feature name / ID | Fontana; Gazetteer Feature ID 19911 |
| Target and type | Mars; Crater, craters1 |
| Diameter | 80.00 km (a second control-network measurement gives 80.06 km)1 |
| Center | Latitude -62.93°, longitude 287.80° E (planetocentric, +East, 0-360)1 |
| Extent | Between latitudes -62.22° and -63.53°, and longitudes 286.40° and 289.40° E1 |
| Namesake | Francesco, Italian astronomer2 |
Location and dimensions
The entry with Feature ID 1991 places the crater in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Its center lies at latitude -62.93° and longitude 287.80° E in the planetocentric, east-positive coordinate system spanning 0 to 360 degrees; the same location is expressed in a west-longitude convention as center longitude 72.20° W.1 The crater's diameter is given as 80.00 km, with a second control-network solution listing 80.06 km and a center at -62.91°, 287.88° E.1 The boundary polygon runs from -62.22° to -63.53° in latitude and from 286.40° to 289.40° E in longitude.1
A diameter of 80 km places Fontana among the sizable craters of Mars, though well below the largest basins; for scale, roughly 30-km-diameter craters are commonly used in cross-planet comparisons of impact morphology.3
The second Fontana entry
The Gazetteer also carries a second Fontana crater entry, Feature ID 1990, located on the Moon.2 Its recorded boundary polygon centers near latitude -16.5° and longitude 303.2° E, in the southern hemisphere but far north of the ID 1991 crater, and its origin field credits the name to Francesco, an Italian astronomer.2
How the name was approved
Planetary feature names are approved by the IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), and the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature that records them is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center in cooperation with that working group.4 Features are named only when members of the professional science community have a specific scientific need, such as preparing peer-reviewed papers or geologic maps; approved names are then entered into the Gazetteer.4 The IAU notes that only features deemed significant to science receive names, leaving others for future generations.5
Official IAU names are distinct from the informal nicknames rover teams use day to day. More than 2,000 locations on Mars bear official names, while unofficial names dot the Martian map in far greater numbers.6 Commercial ventures that sell crater names, such as the Uwingu map project, produce names that are not official; the IAU is the only organization authorized to issue official names for heavenly bodies.7
References
- Fontana, Feature ID 1991, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS Astrogeology Science Center
- Fontana, Feature ID 1990, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS Astrogeology Science Center
- Craters on Four Planets, Lunar and Planetary Institute slide set
- Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, U.S. Geological Survey
- Concerns and Considerations with the Naming of Mars Craters, IAU press release
- Why – and How – NASA Gives a Name to Every Spot It Studies on Mars, NASA
- Martian Smackdown: Groups Feud Over Crater Naming, Time
Initially written Oct 21, 2026
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