General · EdgepediaOctober 10, 20268 min read

Isbank

Türkiye İş Bankası A.Ş. (İşbank) is Turkey's largest private bank by total assets, total loans, and total deposits, established on August 26, 1924 to operate in all kinds of banking activities¹. It ended 2024 with TL 3,860.7 billion in consolidated total assets, 20,560 employees and 25 million customers², and by December 31, 2025 its consolidated total assets had reached TL 5,389,338,141 thousand¹. Its ownership is unusual: the largest shareholder is its own employees' pension-fund foundation, and a 28.09% block belongs to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's estate, represented by the Republican People's Party (CHP) under his will¹.

Key fact	Detail
Founded	August 26, 1924, to operate in all kinds of banking activities¹
Ownership (Dec 31, 2025)	38.66% pension-fund foundation; 28.09% Atatürk shares represented by the CHP; 33.25% free float¹
Total assets	TL 5,389,338,141 thousand consolidated at end-2025, up from TL 3,860,698,321 thousand at end-2024¹
Deposits	TL 3,172,838,500 thousand at end-2025, from TL 2,179,417,530 thousand a year earlier¹
Net profit	TL 67,440,675 thousand consolidated in 2025, versus TL 47,374,893 thousand in 2024¹
Market position	1st among private banks in total assets (10.6% share), total loans (10.6%), total deposits (12.1%), and FX deposits (14.1%)³
Network	999 branches in Turkey and 7,014 ATMs, the largest among Turkish private banks³
International	22 foreign branches, 3 bank subsidiaries, and 2 representative offices in 11 countries³

History and founding mission

İşbank was created in 1924 as a core institutional component of the early Republican strategy aimed at overcoming structural capital scarcity and fostering domestic entrepreneurship, a priority emphasized at the İzmir Economic Congress of 1923. From its inception it was not conceived as a conventional commercial intermediary operating solely on market principles.

A study of the bank's credit and participation policies between 1924 and 1933 concludes that during this period İş Bankası functioned not merely as a commercial bank that collected deposits and extended loans, but as an active institutional actor that shaped the direction of private capital⁴. The same study places the bank in the continuity of the milli iktisat (national economy) idea inherited from the Second Constitutional Period, and finds that the 1929 Depression and the shift to statism redefined rather than obsoleted its function, making it a hybrid institution of capital allocation situated in the permeable space between the state and private enterprise⁴.

Creating national merchants. In the Republic's first years, İş Bank was the first bank constructed as part of the state-building effort to create Turkish-Muslim national merchants, transferring the country's savings to Turkish entrepreneurs to meet the demands of domestic trade and industry while contributing to the growth of private capital⁵.

Ownership and governance

İşbank's share structure has three parts. As of December 31, 2025, 38.66% of shares are owned by the Türkiye İş Bankası A.Ş. Members' Supplementary Pension Fund Foundation (38.59% at end-2024), 28.09% belong to Atatürk and are represented by the CHP in accordance with his will, and 33.25% is free float (33.32% at end-2024)¹. An IFC project document confirms the same three-way structure as of June 30, 2023, with the pension fund at 38.20% and free float at 33.71%⁶.

The Atatürk shares. Atatürk's handwritten will dated September 5, 1938 left his İşbank shares to the CHP under conditions, with the dividends paid half each to the Turkish Historical and Turkish Language institutions; law No. 2307 of June 12, 1933 had been enacted to allow the will to be exempt from the reserved-portion rule that would otherwise have applied for his sister Makbule⁷. The CHP has no beneficial financial interest in these shares: dividends are assigned to two non-profits founded by Atatürk in the early 1930s, the Turkish Historical Society and the Turkish Language Association⁶.

The stake's legal status and representation have changed several times. CEO Adnan Bali recounted that a 1953 law transferred CHP assets, including the shares, to the Treasury; the Constitutional Court annulled the law ten years later, returning the shares to the CHP. After the 1981 party closures ended the CHP's legal personality, the shares passed to the Treasury until 1992, and between 1992 and 1997 they were represented at times by both the CHP and the Treasury⁸.

The 2019 Treasury move. On February 5, 2019, President Erdogan announced that the Treasury would take over the roughly 28% stake held by the CHP, saying "Political parties do not have the right or authority to take part in banking activities"⁹. The audited filings through 2025 still describe the shares as CHP-represented, so the announced transfer did not take effect in the ownership record¹.

Dividend arrangements. A May 31, 1991 extraordinary general assembly amended Article 58 of the articles of association, limiting the dividends distributed to holders of founder usufruct shares to the "250 Thousand TL portion of the paid-in capital." The bank states that the entire dividend falling to Atatürk's shares is paid in full and on time to the Turkish Language Association and the Turkish Historical Society, and that lawsuits alleging violation of the will have been definitively rejected¹⁰.

Business, international footprint and digital banking

İşbank operates abroad through 22 foreign branches, 3 fully owned bank subsidiaries, and 2 representative offices in 11 countries, with correspondent relations with nearly 1,000 banks in 119 countries³. The foreign branches break down as 15 in Northern Cyprus, 2 in London, 1 in Bahrain, 2 in Iraq, and 2 in Kosovo, with representative offices in China and Egypt and wholly-owned subsidiaries in Russia and Georgia, alongside İşbank AG in Frankfurt¹¹. İşbank AG, the European banking subsidiary, has 9 branches: 8 in Germany and 1 in the Netherlands¹.

Digital channels. İşbank has roughly 16.0 million İşCep mobile customers, and 97% of transactions are conducted through non-branch channels³. At end-2024 the bank reported about 16.7 million digital customers with the same 97% non-branch share¹¹.

Sustainability issuance. The bank reports a series of firsts in Turkish debt markets: the first domestic green debt instrument in Turkish lira (TL 500 million), the first public Sustainable Eurobond (USD 500 million), the first blue bond (USD 50 million), and the first blockchain-based digital bond in Türkiye (USD 100 million)³.

By the numbers

The consolidated balance sheet grew sharply in 2025. Total assets rose from TL 3,860,698,321 thousand at end-2024 to TL 5,389,338,141 thousand at end-2025, and deposits rose from TL 2,179,417,530 thousand to TL 3,172,838,500 thousand¹. KAP, the BIST disclosure platform, records the same progression across successive periods, from TL 2,954,742,571 thousand to TL 3,860,698,321 thousand and then TL 5,389,338,141 thousand¹². Consolidated net profit for 2025 was TL 67,440,675 thousand, up from TL 47,374,893 thousand in 2024¹.

Profitability and equity. In 2024 the bank posted TL 45.5 billion net profit with TL 1.82 per-share earnings, and held direct and indirect stakes in 31 companies, controlling 171 companies². Shareholders' equity grew 18.9% from end-2023 to TL 318.3 billion in 2024¹³. İşbank AG's report gives 2024 return on assets of 1.70, return on equity of 8.95 and an equity ratio of 23.75¹¹.

Market shares. İşbank ranks 1st among private banks in total assets (10.6% market share), total loans (10.6%), total deposits (12.1%), and FX deposits (14.1%), and 2nd in TL loans (10.7%) and shareholders' equity³. At end-2024, against all Turkish banks, it held 11.1% in total assets (3rd), 10.9% in total loans (1st), 11.9% in total deposits (1st), and 15.0% in FX deposits (1st)¹¹^•¹⁶. As of 2Q25 it commanded a 10.7% market share in TRY loans and 10.2% in TRY deposits, and holds subsidiaries including Şişecam, Anadolu Sigorta, Anadolu Hayat, TSKB, İş Finans, and İş GYO¹⁴.

Note on figures: the 2024 integrated annual report and İşbank AG report give total assets of TL 3,323.8 to 3,324 billion, while the audited consolidated statements and KAP give TL 3,860,698,321 thousand; the two sets differ in scope, and the consolidated figures are used here¹^•²^•¹². Similarly, 2024 net profit appears as TL 45.5 billion (parent-bank figure in the annual report) and TL 61.536 billion (consolidated net period profit per Ahlatcı Yatırım's 4Q24 review, which also records consolidated net interest income of TL 75.202 billion and net fee income of TL 16.146 billion)²^•¹⁵.

Recent developments

Revenue mix. Full-year 2025 net fees and commissions rose 39.4% year-on-year to TL 83,301 million, while net interest income including swap cost rose 180.6% to TL 53,924 million³. Consolidated net profit rose 42% in the same period, from TL 47,374,893 thousand to TL 67,440,675 thousand¹.

References

Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › Economics and business › Finance › Banks (institutions and by country) › Banks in Europe

Initially written Oct 10, 2026 · Edited: Oct 11, 2026; Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026

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