# Kekexili: Mountain Patrol
**Kekexili: Mountain Patrol** (可可西里) is a 2004 Chinese drama film directed and written by Lu Chuan, based on the true story of volunteer patrols who fought poachers of the Tibetan antelope on the Qinghai-[Tibetan Plateau](https://www.edgepedia.org/tibetan-plateau) in the 1990s[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol). It was released in mainland China on October 1, 2004, and was produced by [Huayi Brothers](https://www.edgepedia.org/huayi-brothers) and Taihe Film Investment with Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol) • [2](https://trigon-film.org/en/films/kekexili-mountain-patrol/). The film won the Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film and China's Golden Rooster Award for best film in 2005, and it played at the Sundance and Berlin film festivals[3](https://cccsydney.org/2023/02/14/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) • [4](https://miff.com.au/festival-archive/films/11992/kekexili-mountain-patrol) • [5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf).
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Director and writer | Lu Chuan (陆川), born 1970 in Xinjiang; his second feature after *Missing Gun* (2001)[4](https://miff.com.au/festival-archive/films/11992/kekexili-mountain-patrol) • [6](https://www.reelasian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/docs_programmeguide_ra2005_pg.pdf) |
| Release | October 1, 2004 (mainland China)[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol) |
| Languages | Mandarin and Tibetan[7](https://www.nziff.co.nz/2005/archive-4/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) |
| Principal cast | Duobuji (Ri Tai), Zhang Lei (Ga Yu), Qi Liang (Liu Dong), Zhao Xueying (Leng Xue), Ma Zhanlin[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol) |
| Running time | 85 minutes (China), 90 minutes (USA), 98 minutes (Argentina)[3](https://cccsydney.org/2023/02/14/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) |
| Basis | Volunteer mountain patrols of the mid-1990s protecting the Tibetan antelope from shahtoosh poachers[8](https://www.timeout.com/movies/mountain-patrol-kekexili) |
| Major awards | Golden Horse Best Feature Film (41st); Golden Rooster best film 2005; Hong Kong Film Award Best Asian Film (25th); Tokyo International Film Festival Jury Prize[3](https://cccsydney.org/2023/02/14/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) • [5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf) |
## Spoilers
### Story and characters
The film follows Ga Yu (Zhang Lei), a Beijing journalist who arrives at the camp of the Kekexili mountain patrol as the volunteers mourn a member killed by poachers. The patrol's leader, Ri Tai (Duobuji), a former army officer, lets Ga Yu join a journey into the mountains in pursuit of the poaching gang[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol) • [7](https://www.nziff.co.nz/2005/archive-4/kekexili-mountain-patrol/).
The patrol operates with limited authority: Ri Tai tells Ga Yu that the patrolmen may stop vehicles, confiscate goods and impose fines, but cannot arrest anyone[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol). On the journey the men find a field of hundreds of antelope carcasses near a lake, some still being picked apart by vultures, and Ri Tai says the patrolmen bury 10,000 antelope a year[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol). A patrol driver is shot dead at a checkpoint, and Ri Tai vows to track down the killers, driving the men deeper into a wilderness whose blizzards, quicksand, and lack of food and fuel prove as dangerous as the poachers' guns[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol) • [9](https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/kekexili-mountain-patrol-film-review-by-angus-wolfe-murray).
The film presents both sides without simple judgment. Captured poachers include a former shepherd driven into poaching by poverty, and the patrol itself sells confiscated hides to fund its work; Lu Chuan summarized the poachers' motive as survival: "Poverty turns them into slaughterers, killing the antelopes for only one reason – their own survival"[10](https://screenanarchy.com/2005/07/nyaff-report-kekexili-mountain-patrol-review.html) • [4](https://miff.com.au/festival-archive/films/11992/kekexili-mountain-patrol) • [11](https://www.storyofmovies.org/pdf/som/lesson%20library/kekexili_-_teacher_s_guide.pdf).
### Interpretation
Scholarly readings have focused on the film's narrative point of view. In the analysis of Nimrod Baranovitch of the University of Haifa, the story is filtered through a [Han Chinese](https://www.edgepedia.org/han-chinese) protagonist, a policeman who assumes the identity of reporter Ga Yu, whose Beijing identification gives him the authority to document the Tibetan vigilantes; the Tibetan patrol members appear as marginalized subjects whose own sentiments are heard mainly through practical concerns[18](https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3176830/1/200993049_July2023.pdf) • [5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf). Baranovitch places the film, alongside [Jiang Rong](https://www.edgepedia.org/jiang-rong)'s novel *Wolf Totem*, as one of the two most famous works of 2004 marking a new artistic treatment of animals in China, one that grants wildlife intrinsic value, while noting that both works were created by Han Chinese and express Han subjectivities[5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf).
The film's legacy includes continued attention to the real place. Protection-station patrols in Kekexili still rescue Tibetan antelope cubs around Zhuonai Lake during the migration and calving season, and the reserve remains a destination for wildlife watchers, reached from Golmud along the G109 at altitudes of 4,600 to 4,900 meters[19](https://www.bjiff.com/Archives/10th/Panorama/afip/202010/t20201019_94347.html) • [20](https://my.trip.com/moments/detail/golmud-332-155590493).
## Historical background
The chiru, or Tibetan antelope (*Zanglingyang*, 藏羚羊), is an endangered species of the Tibetan Plateau hunted for its soft underwool, known as shahtoosh, which can only be harvested by killing the animal; it typically takes three animals to make one shawl. The species numbered some one million in 1900 and was threatened with being hunted to extinction; international trade in shahtoosh has been banned since 1975[12](https://wncc.org.uk/pdf/560.pdf). In the 1990s local Tibetans formed volunteer patrols to stop the poaching, sometimes at the cost of their own lives[1](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol).
The film's immediate source was the documentary *Balance* (《平衡》, 2000) by the Chengdu documentary director Peng Hui, which followed the Wild Yak Brigade (野牦牛队) and its struggle against poachers; the documentary was credited with helping shrink the European shahtoosh market[13](https://jishi.cntv.cn/program/gongzuofang/penghui/20120607/100251.shtml). The historical background includes the death in 1994 of Sonam Dargye, first party secretary of the western working committee, in a gunfight with 18 poachers in Kekexili[13](https://jishi.cntv.cn/program/gongzuofang/penghui/20120607/100251.shtml). A 1993 account by a Beijing photojournalist who accompanied a patrol caused a sensation in China and contributed to the government declaring the area a protected zone; the real patrol later disbanded[6](https://www.reelasian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/docs_programmeguide_ra2005_pg.pdf) • [8](https://www.timeout.com/movies/mountain-patrol-kekexili).
## Production
Lu Chuan prepared the film by following the mountain patrols for months before writing the script, then spent another three or four months scouting locations with his cameraman and art director. At the time there were three patrols in Kekexili, two of them unofficial, and the local government was uncomfortable that the story was based on a nongovernmental one; permission was eventually granted by the Administrative Bureau of Kekexili Nature Protection Area[14](https://rukor.org/rupture-to-rapture/).
**A punishing shoot.** The crew filmed on location at 4,500 to 5,000 meters around Wudaoliang, where most members, including Lu Chuan, suffered strong altitude sickness: headaches, vomiting, oxygen deprivation, and in some cases lung infections[15](https://ent.sina.com.cn/2003-11-30/1022243154.html). The planned three-month schedule overran; sickness and defections reduced the crew of 108 to around 50, and the producer from [Columbia Pictures](https://www.edgepedia.org/columbia-pictures), Alex Graf, was killed in a car crash during the shoot[14](https://rukor.org/rupture-to-rapture/). Filming ended on November 28, 2003, at Lenghu on the Qinghai border, with a final three-minute long take, after four months of shooting across three seasons and locations including Yushu, Golmud, and Wudaoliang[15](https://ent.sina.com.cn/2003-11-30/1022243154.html). Lu Chuan later said that before the shoot, reverence for nature was for him a bookish idea rather than a belief, and that crossing Kekexili rooted it in him[16](https://www.1905.com/mdb/film/56111/).
## Reception and awards
The film was a commercial production rather than an art-house picture, by Lu Chuan's own account, and earned nearly 4 million yuan at the mainland box office in its opening period despite limited screening slots[17](https://news.pku.edu.cn/info/7921/3202881.htm). It was a major hit throughout Asia and screened at the Sundance and Berlin film festivals[4](https://miff.com.au/festival-archive/films/11992/kekexili-mountain-patrol). Its awards include the Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film at the 41st festival in Taipei, Best Asian Film at the 25th Hong Kong Film Awards, a nomination for Best Film in the main competition of the 17th Tokyo International Film Festival (where it won the Jury Prize), the Don Quixote Award Special Mention at Berlin 2005, and the Golden Rooster Award for best film in 2005[3](https://cccsydney.org/2023/02/14/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) • [2](https://trigon-film.org/en/films/kekexili-mountain-patrol/) • [5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf).
Critics emphasized its fusion of documentary realism and genre filmmaking. Time Out described it as a Western in which the sheriff drives a rust-bucket Jeep, built from regional neorealism and [David Lean](https://www.edgepedia.org/david-lean)-style epic vistas[8](https://www.timeout.com/movies/mountain-patrol-kekexili). The Sundance catalog praised an aesthetic that, in John Nein's words, "transcends the obvious moral dichotomy between poachers and patrolmen"[7](https://www.nziff.co.nz/2005/archive-4/kekexili-mountain-patrol/).
## References
1. [Kekexili: Mountain Patrol, AsianWiki](https://asianwiki.com/Kekexili%3A_Mountain_Patrol)
2. [Kekexili – Mountain Patrol, trigon-film](https://trigon-film.org/en/films/kekexili-mountain-patrol/)
3. [Kekexili Mountain Patrol, China Cultural Center Sydney](https://cccsydney.org/2023/02/14/kekexili-mountain-patrol/)
4. [Kekexili: Mountain Patrol, Melbourne International Film Festival archive](https://miff.com.au/festival-archive/films/11992/kekexili-mountain-patrol)
5. [Nimrod Baranovitch (2021). The Ethnic Ecocritical Animal, Modern Asian Studies](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CAE7D10D2CA90824F1DC66BF42BD87E4/S0026749X20000062a.pdf/the-ethnic-ecocritical-animal-animal-protagonists-and-ethnic-environmentalism-in-contemporary-sino-mongolian-literature-and-art.pdf)
6. [Reel Asian 2005 programme guide](https://www.reelasian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/docs_programmeguide_ra2005_pg.pdf)
7. [Kekexili: Mountain Patrol, New Zealand International Film Festival](https://www.nziff.co.nz/2005/archive-4/kekexili-mountain-patrol/)
8. [Mountain Patrol: Kekexili review, Time Out](https://www.timeout.com/movies/mountain-patrol-kekexili)
9. [Kekexili: Mountain Patrol review, Eye for Film](https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/kekexili-mountain-patrol-film-review-by-angus-wolfe-murray)
10. [NYAFF Report: Kekexili Mountain Patrol Review, Screen Anarchy](https://screenanarchy.com/2005/07/nyaff-report-kekexili-mountain-patrol-review.html)
11. [Kekexili Teacher's Guide, The Story of Movies](https://www.storyofmovies.org/pdf/som/lesson%20library/kekexili_-_teacher_s_guide.pdf)
12. [MOUNTAIN PATROL: KEKEXILI, WNCC film notes](https://wncc.org.uk/pdf/560.pdf)
13. [成都导演15年关注可可西里, 央视网](https://jishi.cntv.cn/program/gongzuofang/penghui/20120607/100251.shtml)
14. [Rupture to Rapture, Rukor](https://rukor.org/rupture-to-rapture/)
15. [陆川新作《可可西里》杀青, Sina Entertainment](https://ent.sina.com.cn/2003-11-30/1022243154.html)
16. [可可西里 (2004), 1905电影网](https://www.1905.com/mdb/film/56111/)
17. [《可可西里》——探索生命的原始状态, 北京大学新闻网](https://news.pku.edu.cn/info/7921/3202881.htm)
18. [Chapter 1 Introduction, University of Liverpool thesis](https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3176830/1/200993049_July2023.pdf)
19. [Kekexili: Mountain Patrol: Persistence Makes Ordinary Great, Beijing International Film Festival](https://www.bjiff.com/Archives/10th/Panorama/afip/202010/t20201019_94347.html)
20. [Hoh Xil Kekexili No Man's Land wildlife watchpoint, Trip.com](https://my.trip.com/moments/detail/golmud-332-155590493)
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Screen and stage › Film and television › Films and standalone screen works › Individual films by title and year › Drama and biographical films (individual works) › Drama films 2000s › Biographical and historical drama films 2000s › Released 2000 to 2005*
*Initially written Oct 3, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026; Nov 1, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*
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License: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license