All articles starting with B
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Beta Israel (ቤተ እስራኤል)
Beta Israel (ቤተ እስራኤል), also called Ethiopian Jews or formerly Falasha, is the Jewish community of northwestern Ethiopia. Known for its biblical, non-rabbinic Haymanot tradition, tribe-of-Dan origin tradition, 1973 rabbinic recognition, and the Operations Moses and Solomon airlifts that brought some 90,000 to Israel.
Beta Lyrae
Beta Lyrae (β Lyr), known as Sheliak, is an eclipsing binary in Lyra discovered by John Goodricke in 1784, where mass transfer has reversed the system's mass ratio.
Beta negative binomial distribution
The beta negative binomial distribution (BNB) is a three-parameter count distribution formed when a negative binomial success probability follows a beta distribution, giving heavier tails than the negative binomial.
Beta Ophiuchi
Beta Ophiuchi, formally named Cebalrai, meaning "the Shepherd's Dog," is an orange giant star about 82 light-years away in Ophiuchus, its second-brightest star, with one known exoplanet.
Beta oxidation (β-oxidation)
Beta oxidation (β-oxidation) is the mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathway degrading fatty acids by removing two-carbon units as acetyl-CoA via four enzymatic steps, the carnitine shuttle, and yielding NADH and FADH2.
Beta particle
A beta particle, also known as beta radiation, is a high-energy electron or positron ejected from an atomic nucleus during radioactive beta decay, occurring in 97% of known unstable isotopes.
Beta Pegasi
Beta Pegasi, or Scheat, is an orange red giant star in Pegasus, one of the four stars of the Great Square, about 196 light-years away.
Beta Persei
Beta Persei, better known as Algol, is an eclipsing binary star in Perseus that dims every 2.867 days as its fainter component passes in front of the brighter one.
Beta Pictoris
Beta Pictoris is a young A-type star 63 light-years away in the constellation Pictor, surrounded by one of the best-studied debris disks and three imaged giant planets.
Beta Pictoris b
Beta Pictoris b is a directly imaged gas giant exoplanet, about 11 Jupiter masses, orbiting the young star Beta Pictoris 63 light-years away with a 23.6-year period.
Beta Pictoris c
Beta Pictoris c is a gas giant exoplanet orbiting the star Beta Pictoris, 63 light-years away, found in 2019 and directly confirmed by GRAVITY in 2020.
Beta Pictoris moving group
The Beta Pictoris moving group is a nearby association of several dozen young stars, about 23 million years old, named after its brightest member, the star Beta Pictoris.
Beta Ray Bill
Beta Ray Bill: Marvel Comics alien superhero, a Korbinite cyborg created by Walter Simonson, first appearing in Thor #337 (November 1983); worthy of Mjolnir and wielder of the hammer Stormbreaker.
Beta Regio
Beta Regio is a ~2000 x 2500 km mantle-plume rise in northern Venus, cut by the Devana Chasma rift and capped by Theia Mons at 23.4 N, 79.4 W; part of the BAT volcanic anomaly.
Beta regression
Beta regression, or the beta regression model, is a maximum-likelihood regression method for continuous responses in the open unit interval, such as rates and proportions.
Beta relaxation in metallic glasses
Beta relaxation (β-relaxation) in metallic glasses is a localized secondary relaxation, active below the glass transition where the primary alpha relaxation is frozen, and linked to diffusion and plasticity.
Beta Rhythm
Beta rhythm: EEG brain waves of 15–30 Hz (often 13–30 Hz) seen during wakefulness and mental activity; named by Hans Berger in 1930, low amplitude (10–20 µV), frontal-central, enhanced by sedatives.
Beta Samati
Beta Samati (Betä Sämaʿti), meaning 'house of audience' in Tigrinya, is an archaeological site in Tigray, Ethiopia, known for a fourth-century AD Aksumite basilica, one of the earliest Christian buildings.
Beta sheet
A beta sheet, or β-pleated sheet, is a major secondary structure of proteins in which extended β-strands lie side by side, held together by hydrogen bonds between neighboring strands.
Beta Tauri
Beta Tauri (β Tau), properly named Elnath, is the second-brightest star in Taurus, a blue-white giant about 134 light-years away that marks the tip of the Bull's northern horn.
BETA Technologies
BETA Technologies is a South Burlington, Vermont aerospace company founded in 2017 by Kyle Clark that builds the ALIA electric aircraft family and charging stations.
Beta Technologies Alia
The Alia is a family of electric aircraft from Beta Technologies of Vermont, made in fixed-wing and eVTOL variants for cargo, medical, and passenger missions.
Beta test
A beta test is a managed pre-release phase in which target users try a nearly finished product outside the development team, surfacing defects, usability problems, and market signal before general availability.
Beta thalassemia
Beta thalassemia (Cooley's anemia, transfusion-dependent thalassemia) is an inherited disorder of reduced beta-globin production causing anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron overload; treated with transfusions, chelation, transplant, and gene therapy.
Beta Theta Pi
Beta Theta Pi (ΒΘΠ, "Beta"), a social college fraternity founded August 8, 1839 at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio; oldest of the Miami Triad; over 215,000 lifetime members; linked to the 2017 Timothy Piazza hazing death at Penn State.
Beta tubulin
Beta tubulin (β-tubulin) is the GTP-hydrolyzing subunit of the α/β-tubulin heterodimer that builds eukaryotic microtubules. Humans have 8 isotypes; TUBB2B/TUBB3 mutations cause polymicrogyria; it is the main anti-mitotic drug target.
Beta Ursae Majoris
Beta Ursae Majoris, better known as Merak, is a blue-white subgiant star about 79 light-years away in Ursa Major, where it forms one of the Big Dipper's Pointers.
Beta Virginis
Beta Virginis, also known as Zavijava, is an F-type main-sequence star in the constellation Virgo, visible to the naked eye at magnitude 3.60 and a benchmark for stellar models.
Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris (beet) is a biennial Amaranthaceae species whose varieties include beetroot, Swiss chard, spinach beet, sugar beet, and fodder beet, all descended from wild sea beet subsp. maritima; sugar beet supplies about 35% of world sugar.
Beta zeolite
Beta zeolite is a large-pore, three-dimensional aluminosilicate zeolite with framework code BEA and mineral analog tschernichite, widely used as a solid acid catalyst for aromatic alkylation and cracking.